Lipids: Types, structures

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds. Lower melting points; Liquid at room temperature

Saturated fatty acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds. Higher melting points; Solid at room temperature

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Double bond three carbons from methyl end.

Saponification

the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap); removal of glycerol drives reaction foward

Glycerol

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids. 3 carbons: 8 hydrogens: 3 oxygens

Triacyleglycerol

- glycerol forming ester bonds with 3 fatty acids; how neutral lipids are stored; fats & oils;

- 6 oxygens: at least 3 carbons: at least 5 hydrogens: CH2/CH

Phospholipids

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. most abundant lipid in the membrane

Sphingolipids

steroid nucleus

Cholesterol

A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.; modulates fluidity of membranes

cholesterol structure

fatty acids

- Carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. 2 oxygens: CH3/CH2/CH pattern

- main storage of energy

- Stored in adipose cells

- More energy per carbon than other molecules and is not easily metabolized

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