Immune system

Aggregation

________: working with the antibodies to clump pathogen and stop spread /increase phagocytosis.

Antigens

________ are molcules that the immune system recognises as foreign (non- self) and treats as a ‘ foe.

Opinisation

________: (coating of a particle with proteins) that facilitate and increase phagocytosis of the particle.

cell mediated immune response

is associated with the production of T cells.

organ donation

Cell mediated immune response is responsible for ________ rejection, it destroys cells by inducing apoptosis by releasing toxins.

exocytosis

It occurs when stimualted mast cells release histamine (chemical) via ________.

Leukocytes

________ are catergorsied into myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells.

APC

________ presents a specific antigen to helper t cell in the lymph node.

inflamation

It results in a increased number of leukocytes such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, and complement proteins to destroy the pathogens.

what do helper t cell release

release cytokines which are signalling molecules that differentiate the T cell into a cytoxic T cell (killer T cell)

Macrophages

________ are specialised cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms.

non specific

They are innate (born with) and ________ (will act the same way towards any pathogen)

humoral immune system

The ________ deals with pathogens that are freely circulating outside, to outside the infected cell.

immune system

An allergic response is an overeaction of the ________ to relatively harmless substances, because it results in a mass release of histamine.

Antigen presenting cells

are the link between the 2nd and 3rd line of defence

what is Level 1

Is physical, chemical, and microbiota barriers to prevent or impede entry of pathogens.

Phagocytes

________ have the ability to squeeze through the capillary walls and move into the body tissues in order to engulf foreign materials.

what is extracellullar fluid

Fluid that leaks from the capillaries and surrounds the tissue.

Lymph nodes

________ are the primary sites where the destruction of pathogens and other substances occur.

Immunoglobulin E

________ (igE) are involved in the allergic response.

Immunoglobulin G

________ (igG) is the most common type of antibody.

humoral immune response

The ________ is associated with the non- cellular part of the blood and involves the action of antibodies secreted the B cells.

B cells

________ are capable of producing large quantities of antibodies called immunoglobulins which target at fight specific pathogens.

Passive immunity

________ is natural and artificial, they do not involve making B memory cells but just gaining temporary immunity though being given antibodies specific to antigens.

Antibodies

It is an adaptive response as it changes over time.

Antigens

________ are a foreign substance that triggers an immune system response.

humoral immune system

The ________ protects the body against extracellular threats e.g.

Phagocytes

________ purpose is to engulf and digest forgein material incl, bacteria, viirsues and dead or injured cells.

complement proteins

When they are activated the ________ can cause opinisation, aggregation, and lysis of cell walls.

Immune system

________ (white blood cells) are able to identify self vs non- self through use of MHC i markers and anitgens.

lymph nodes

The lympathic system consists of vessels and ________.

what are phagocytes

Phagocytes are ‘ cell eaters, they include neutrophlilis (most prolific cells; first on scene); macrophages and dendtric cells.

how are Phagocytes produced

________ are produced in the bone marrow and travel through the circulatory and lympathic system.

important components of the lymphatic system are

tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, and bone marrow

opinisation

(coating of a particle with proteins) that facilitate and increase phagocytosis of the particle

Aggregation

working with the antibodies to clump pathogen and stop spread/ increase phagocytosis

Lysis of cell walls

(e.g punch a hole) so that cell contents leak out and the cell dies

whats the difference between antigens and pathogens

antigens are substances that trigger the production of antibodies, phagocytes are harmful microorgansims that can casue disease.