AP Psych Unit 1

Mary Whiton Calkins

belived self and self in social context should be studied

association to behaviorism

ivan pavlov and classically conditioned learning

ivan pavlov

studied involuntary behavior learning (dogs salivating at the sight of the person that gives them food or jim with the mints in the office)

physically conditioned learning

an original neural stimulus comes to be associated with a stimulus that already produces a particular psychological or emotional response (pavlov believed this response was involuntary)

behaviorism

theoretical outlook that emphasizes the idea that psychology should be scrupulously objective

john watson

• radical behaviorism

• stated any behavior can be shaped or modelled

  • some opposed his views saying that objective reasoning isn’t enough to explain human behavior

clark hull

connects involuntary learning (pavlov) and voluntary learning (watson)

skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior

• extremely radical behaviorism

  • 2 main types - respondent behavior and operant behavior (largely voluntary but can be repeated through a reinforcer event)

Gesalt Psychology

• criticized behaviorism

• viewed psychology more holistically

  • whole instead of the parts

cognitivism

emphasized the importance of thought as the basis for understanding human behavior

cognitive psychology

Study of how people learn, structure, store, and use knowledge

• especially understanding HOW people think and problem solve complexly

serial processing

step by step processing

parallel processing

multiple events are processed all at once

biological psychology

behavior can be understood by studying anatomy and physiology, especially the brain

behavioral genetics

attributes behavior and underlying traits in part ot the influence of particular combinations of genes as expressed in a given environment

molecular genetics

researching genes that attribute to mental processes

biopsychosocial approach

understands the indiviudal in terms of psychological, social, and biological factors

evolutionary psychology

how differences occured through environmental changes over time

• how men and women began thinking differently in different social constructs and environments.

psychodynamic theory

importance of understanding conflicting unconscious mental process (specifically how childhood can impact an individual later on)

psychoanalysis

freud’s treatment based on his understanding of motivation and behavior

humanistic psychology

emphasizes free will and the importance of human potential as well as hollistic rather than an anayltic approach in personal development rather than unconscious experience