Immuno Week 2 Lab

where does blood develop from

the mesenchyme

what is blood classified as

connective tissue

how much blood do human adults have

about 6-8L

contributes to about 7-8% of a person’s body weight

what is the composition of blood

45% of cells immersed in ~55% of plasma

what is the composition of plasma

~90% water

10% of different organic and inorganic solutes including proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen etc.), salts, lipids, glucose hormones and others

what happens if blood is collected with plain tubes

the blood will clot due to the clotting factors present in the blood plasma

what happens if blood is collected with tubes containing anticoagulant

the blood will not clot

what are the steps of serum collection

the blood is collected and allowed to clot

then placed in a centrifuge

and subsequently serum not containing clotting factors can be harvested

what is the visual result of serum collection

top of the tube is supernant serum containing no fibrinogen (no clotting factors)

bottom of the tube is clotted blood

what are the steps of plasma collection

blood is collected in tubes with anticoagulants (blood doesnt clot)

placed in a centrifuge

plasma containing clotting factors can be harvested

what are examples of anticoagulants

heparin

citrate

EDTA

what is the visual result of plasma collection

top of the tube is plasma containing fibrinogen (clotting factors)

buffy coat in the middle

erythrocytes at the bottom

what does the buffy coat contain

both mononuclear (T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and monocytes) and polymorphonuclear white blood cells (granulocytes like neutrophils and eosinophils)

platelets

how can Human lymphocytes be isolated most readily from peripheral blood

via density centrifugation

what does density centrifugation do

allows separation of cells on the basis of their size, shape and density

what is used for separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)

Ficoll density centrifugation

Using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, are you able to collect serum or plasma

plasma

what blood cells are present

lymphocytes

monocytes

neutrophils?

what unusual features are present

small white circles = vacuoles?

what condition could that indicate

Burkitt lymphoma

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

VEXAS syndrome?

neutrophil

monocyte

basophil

lymphocyte

Order the following immune cells by increasing frequency: Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Basophils, Lymphocytes

basophils

eosinophils

monocytes

lymphocytes

neutrophils

which of those cells are innate and which are adaptive

only lymphocytes are adaptive, everything else is innate

which cells are most abundant in your smear

lymphocytes

Name two examples of a primary lymphoid organ/tissue

bone marrow

thymus

Name four examples of a secondary lymphoid organ/tissue

spleen

lymph nodes

MALT

GALT