Intro to AP World History Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the social hierarchies, religious belief systems, and historical geopolitical conflicts outlined in the lecture notes.

Geographical Isolation

A condition that defines culture; for example, islands or places like China where limited access leads to a sense of superiority or India where isolation caused internal conflict.

China Isolation

Caste

A strict social hierarchy based on Hinduism where individuals are born into their social status based on reincarnation and actions in a previous life.

Sedentary

Living in a permanent place rather than moving from place to place.

Nomadic

A lifestyle characterized by moving and living in multiple places, generally involving hunters who often do not get along with agrarian societies.

Sedentary Agrarian

Living in a permanent place based on the practice of agriculture.

Monarchy

A system of rulership based on a bloodline, involving roles such as king, queen, prince, and princess.

Dynasty

Rulership based on a clan or a group with something in common (not necessarily blood), primarily seen in China.

Overtazation

A condition that leads to people rebelling against the government.

Monotheism

The belief in one god, practiced in religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods; the transcript identifies Buddhism and Hinduism (from India) as examples.

People of the Book

A term used by Muslims to describe practitioners of monotheism who are viewed as 'good' compared to polytheists.

Islam (Muslim)

A religion where belief in one god, education (literacy, astrology, aerobic, and math), and trade are high priorities.

Middle Passage

A term associated with slavery and the Atlantic slave trade.

Confucianism

A very conservative Chinese culture (not a religion) that emphasizes obeying those who are superior to you.

Filial Piety

An important relationship with parents characterized by obeying them without questioning.

Buddhism

A belief system that values equality over the caste system and suggests that desire for things like family or children leads to suffering.

Great Schism

The split of Christianity into Eastern Orthodox and Catholic (Western Europe) over a dispute regarding icons/idols.

Icons/Idols

Physical objects used in worship, such as rosaries, which were rejected by the Orthodox but accepted by Catholics.

Anti-semitism

A term defined as the hatred of Jews.

Usury

The practice of charging interest on a loan, which was forbidden in both Christianity and Islam.

Diversity

A source of conflict where differences between people lead to anger and lack of social harmony.

Egalitarian

The belief that people are equal and should possess the same rights and status.

Martin Luther

The individual who outed the Catholic church regarding the truth of the bible and started the Protestant/Lutheran church.

Catholic Reformation

A change within the Catholic church to prevent people from becoming Protestant, involving better priests, missionary work (evangelism), and the removal of indulgences.

Iberian Peninsula

The region consisting of Spain and Portugal, ruled by Muslims for $700$ years.

Reconquesta

A series of wars for the Iberian Peninsula between Catholics and Muslims, resulting in a Catholic victory that wiped out the middle class.

Crusades

A series of wars between Muslims and Christians over the 'holy land' (modern day Palestine); Muslims ultimately won.

Imperialism

The pursuit of money, land, religion, and trade routes by Western Europe, the U.S., and Japan.

Treaty of Versailles

A treaty that ended $WW1$ but created world power issues and contributed to the start of $WW2$.

Soviet-Afghanistan War

A conflict where the Soviets lost and failed to recover, contributing to the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the $USSR$.