DNA Mutations 5-3

These flashcards cover key concepts related to DNA mutations, including definitions, types of mutations, and their effects.

Mutation

An inherited alteration in the DNA sequence.

Sustainer of Life

Mutations are the source of all genetic variation, providing raw material for evolution.

Somatic Mutation

A mutation that occurs in somatic tissues, which do not produce gametes.

Germline Mutation

A mutation occurring in gamete-producing cells, allowing it to be inherited by the next generation.

Base Substitution Mutation

A mutation involving the alteration of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Transition Mutation

A type of base substitution where one purine nucleotide is exchanged for another purine.

Transversion Mutation

A type of base substitution where a purine is exchanged for a pyrimidine or vice versa.

Insertion Mutation

A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence.

Deletion Mutation

A mutation involving the removal of one or more nucleotides from the DNA sequence.

Frameshift Mutation

A mutation that results from insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame.

Expanding Nucleotide Repeat

A type of mutation where the number of copies of a set of nucleotides increases.

Forward Mutation

A mutation where the wild type phenotype changes to a mutant type.

Reverse Mutation

A mutation where a mutant phenotype reverts back to the wild type phenotype.

Missense Mutation

A mutation that results in a different amino acid due to a base substitution.

Nonsense Mutation

A mutation where a sense codon is changed into a stop codon, terminating protein synthesis.

Silent Mutation

A mutation that changes a codon but does not change the amino acid it encodes.

Neutral Mutation

A mutation that changes the amino acid to another with similar properties, not affecting function.