social change

Cesar Chavez

Led United Farm Workers; fought for farmworkers’ rights through strikes and boycotts

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Native American rights group that fought for sovereignty and better living conditions

Trail of Broken Treaties

1972 protest march on Washington demanding Native American rights and policy reform

La Raza Unida Party

Political party formed to increase Mexican American political power

Stonewall Inn

Stonewall Inn; site of 1969 LGBTQ+ uprising that helped start the modern gay rights movement

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed amendment to guarantee equal rights regardless of sex

Title VII

Civil Rights Act provision banning employment discrimination based on race, sex, religion, or national origin

Title IX

Law banning sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal funding

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court case that originally protected a constitutional right to abortion (later overturned)

Engel v. Vitale

Supreme Court case banning school-sponsored prayer in public schools

Tinker v. Des Moines

Supreme Court case protecting student symbolic speech (like armbands)

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Law prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in employment and public life

Counterculture

1960s youth movement rejecting traditional values and promoting peace, freedom, and alternative lifestyles

Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon; president during Vietnam War, détente, and Watergate scandal

Watergate scandal

Political scandal involving a break-in at the DNC and Nixon’s cover-up leading to his resignation

DNC (Democratic National Committee)

Organization running the Democratic Party’s national strategy and elections

Philadelphia Plan

Nixon policy requiring affirmative action in federal construction jobs

Nixon and busing

Policy era controversy over using school buses to enforce desegregation

Presidential election of 1972

Election in which Nixon defeated George McGovern in a landslide victory

Nixon foreign policy

Strategy including détente, opening relations with China, and arms control with the USSR