RAD 232 T-spine

Collimation for swimmers

Include lower C-spine & upper T-spine

For the Lateral T-spine what shows no rotation

Posterior ribs superimposed

Why is breath suspended after full expiration for AP T-spine

Avoid motion

How much above the shoulders should the IR be placed to put the T7 in centered for the AP T-spine

1 ½ in - 2 in

Articulation between 2 vertebral bodies

intervertebral Jt

Which part of the x-ray tube should be positioned over the PT’s head for AP T-spine

Anode

Which part of the x-ray tube should be positioned over the PT’s feet for AP T-spine

Cathode

Is between the articulation processes of the vertebral arches

Zygapophyseal Jt

Which projection best demonstrates Kyphosis

Lateral T-spine

Which projection best demonstrates Scoliosis

PA thoracolumbar vertebral column

Why is AP oblique for T-spine used over PA oblique

B/c it shows the cervothoracic spinous processes well

What is the reason for the lateral T-spine

To demonstrate intervertebral foramina

2 ways PT’s respiration can be controlled for the swimmer’s

Shallow breaths or suspend

For the AP T-spine if a 35×43 cm IR is used what should be included

Ribs

shoulders

Lungs

Diaphragm

Why should the arms be adjusted to a right angle from the body for the lateral T-spine

To elevate the ribs from the vertebra column

How much rotation for the AP & PA obliques of the T-spine

20 degrees

CR for AP T-spine

Perpendicular to IR entering midway between jugular notch and xiphoid process

W/ reference to the MSP how do Zygapophyseal Jt open T-spine

70-75 degrees anteriorly

What angulation is sometimes used for the Lateral T-spine

10-15 degrees cephalad (10→Female 15→Male)

What is the respiration instructions for T-spine AP projection

Suspend full expiration

What is the respiration instructions for T-spine Lateral

Breath normally or Suspend at expiration

How should the arm closer to the IR be positioned for the swimmer’s

Extended above head & humeral head rotated anteriorly

How should the shoulder further from the IR be for the swimmers

Depressed

If shoulders obscure visualization of upper vertebrae for the lateral T-spine which vertebrae are usually demonstrated

T3-L1

What is the Costotransverse Jt

Articulation between Tubercle of Rib and Transverse process of vertebra

What should be done to reduce Kyphosis when the PT is supine position for the AP T-spine

Flex hips & knees to place thighs vertical

Thoracic vertebrae differs from cervical & Lumbar vertebrae b/c it has

Demi facets

Anterior arch rotates around the dens of the axis

Atlantoaxial Jt

Interspace between C7-T1

Cervico-thoracic Jt

What should be centered in the IR for the swimmers

C7-T1 interspace

CR for Lateral swimmers

Perpendicular to C7-T1 interspace if the shoulder away from IR is depressed

Why is the PT head rest directly on the table or thin pillow for AP T-spine

To reduce Kyphotic curve

In the T-spine obliques, the coronal plane forms how much of an angle from the IR?

70 degrees

Which projection most requires usage of the anode heel affect to improve image quality

AP T-spine

For the AP oblique of the T-spine are the Jts closest or furthest from the IR seen?

Furthest

Where should the spinous process be seen for the AP T-spine

Midlines of bodies

What projection of the T-spine are used to show the Zygapophyseal Jts

Oblique

How many vertebras in T-spine

12

If the shoulder can’t be depressed what CR angulation can be used for swimmers

3-5 caudad

What is the midpoint between jugular notch & xiphoid process

T7

Articulation between Atlas & Occipital bone

Atlantooccipital Jt

Why is a sheet of leaded rubber placed on the table posterior to the PT when IR is exposed & the PT is in a lateral recumbent position?

To absorb Scatter radiation

Which 2 ways can the CR be directed for swimmers technique

perpendicular or 3-5 caudad

IR for lateral Cervicothoracic swimmers

10×12 LW

Which T-spine don’t have facets on the transverse process

T11-T12

For the lateral projection of the T-spine why is left lateral used instead of right lateral

Minimize heart magnification & overlapping of heart over spine

(Right lateral creates greater OID)

What portion does the T-spine occupy

Posterior thorax

What is the Costovertebral Jt

Articulation between Head of rib & vertebral body

Are the T-spine oblique projections an essential projection?

No

Why is normal breathing used for the AP thoracic

Blur ribs & lungs

SID for T-spine projections

40 in

How should the arms, hips & knees be positioned for the lateral T-spine

Arms adjusted to right angle from body

Hips & knees superimposed

CR for the Lateral T-spine

Perpendicular entering T7

What unique feature does the thoracic vertebrae have?

Demifacets (Costal facets + On transverse process)

Collimation for AP T-spine

Close to Spine to include C7 & L1

IR for AP & Lateral T-spine

14×17 LW

What helps the PT be in a true lateral for the lateral T-spine when the PT is in recumbent Position

Flexing the hips & knees

For the PA oblique of the T-spine are the Jts closest or furthest from the IR seen

Closest