exam 3 micro

What are the 6 bacterial skin infections?

1. Acne

2. Dermatitis(psuedomonas)

3. impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, necrotizing fascitis( staph aureous, group A strep)

4. MRSA skin infections

5. toxemias caused by staph aureus (SSS and TSS)

6. cutaneous anthrax

What bacteria causes acne?

Proprionibacterium acne

what are the key identifiers of acne

Teenagers▪

Pustule▪

Opportunistic pathogen (normal flora that overgrows)

what disease does Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause

dermatitis(hot tub rash)

otitis externa(swimmers ear)

burn wound infections

what are key identifiers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Green

Naturally resistant to antibiotics

In soil/water

what are the diseases of Staphylococcus aureus

Skin (impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis)

Sepsis

Upper respiratory infections

Toxic shock syndrome (toxemia)

Scalded skin syndrome (toxemia)

what are the key identifiers of Staphylococcus aureus

THINK MRSA (if it's staph aureus, it might be about MRSA)

CA vs HA MRSA: look for PVL gene or susceptibilities1)

Catalase +

Normal flora

Protein A

TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome)

Exfoliative toxin (scalded skin syndrome)

what are the diseases for Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep GAS)

Skin (impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis)

Sepsis

Strep throat (pharyngitis)

Rheumatic fever (autoimmune)

Scarlet fever (toxemia)

what are the key indicators of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep GAS)

Catalase -

M protein (rheumatic fever)

SPE A and SLO

Erythrogenic toxin

MUST treat with antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever

what disease does Bacillus anthracis

cutaneous anthrax

what are the key identifiers of Bacillus anthracis

Endospores

Black lesions

Bioterrorism

What are the 8 viral infection?

1. Measles

2. Rubella

3. Roseola

4. Chickenpox/shingles

5. Fifth Disease

6. Cold sores and skin herpes

7. Hand, foot, and mouth disease

8. Warts

which viral infections are exanthems?

1. Measles

2. Rubella

3. Roseola

4. Chickenpox/shingles

5. Fifth Disease

what disease does measles virus cause

Measles

Immune amnesia

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

what are the key identifiers of the measles virus

Exanthem

Koplik spots

Very contagious

what diseases does rubella virus cause

Rubella (German measles)

Congenital rubella syndrome (birth defects)

what are key indicators of rubella virus

Exanthem

Pregnancy

what are the diseases of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

roseola

what are the key indicators of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

Exanthem

Common, mild, no big deal

what are the diseases of Varicella-zoster virus

Chickenpox (varicella)

Shingles (Zoster)

what are the key indicators for Varicella-zoster virus

Exanthem

Latency

Spread of shingles vs chickenpox

what are the diseases of parovirus B19

fifth disease

what are the key indicators of parovirus B19

Exanthem

Slapped cheek rash

what are the diseases of HSV-1

Cold sores

Cutaneous herpes

Keratitis

Encephalitis

what are the key identifiers of HSV-1

Latency

Vesicular rash

what are the diseases of Coxsackievirus 16

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

what are the key indicators of Coxsackievirus 16

Children, daycare

Enterovirus

what disease does Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cause

warts

what are the key indicators of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Rough papules

what are the two fungal skin diseases

1. Ringworm (Tinea)

2. Candidiasis

what disease does Dermatophytes cause

Ringworm

Athlete's foot

Jock itch

Other tinea

what are key indicators of Dermatophytes

Fungi on skin

what disease does Candida albicans cause

Candidiasis (yeast infections)

what are the key identifiers of Candida albicans

Immunocompromised or AIDS

After antibiotic use

what are the 4 parasitic infections of the skin?

1. Leishmaniasis

2. Hookworm

3. Scabies

4. Lice

which 2 parasitic infections are technically caused by insects

3. Scabies

4. Lice

what disease does Leishmania sp. cause

Leishmaniasis

what are the key indicators of Leishmania sp.

Protozoa

Spread by vector

Volcanic ulcers

what disease does Helminth (Ancylostoma duodenale) cause

Hookworm

what are the key indicators of Helminth (Ancylostoma duodenale)

Barefoot/contaminated soil

Southern U.S.

what disease does Mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) cause

scabies

what are the key indicators of Mites (Sarcoptes scabiei)

Insects

Eggs laid under skin

what disease does Lice (pediculus humanus capitis) cause

lice

what are the key identifiers of Lice (pediculus humanus capitis)

Itchy scalp

Insects

Resistance to insecticides

what are the 5 disease of the eye

1. Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

2. Ophthalmia neonatorum

3. Trachoma

4. Keratitis

5. Ocular histoplasmosis

what is the microbial cause of conjunctivitis

Bacterial

Viral

what are the key indicators of conjunctivitis

Clear or purulent discharge

what are the microbial causes of Ophthalmia neonatorum (newborn conjunctivitis)

Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis

what are the key indicators of Ophthalmia neonatorum (newborn conjunctivitis)

Infected during vaginal delivery

Mother has STI

Eyedrops for newborns

what is the microbial cause for trachoma

Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis

what are the key indicators of trachoma

infection of conjunctiva, but damage to cornea

Blindness

Obligate intracellular bacteria

what are is the microbial cause of Keratitis

Virus: HSV-1 (cause of encephalitis, skin infections)

what are the key indicators of keratitis

Latency

Cornea infection

what is the microbial cause of Ocular histoplasmosis

Fungal: Histoplasmosis capsulatum (also seen in AIDS related complex)

what are the key indicators of Ocular histoplasmosis

Immunocompromised

Contaminated soil

Blindness

what are the three diseases of the ears

1. Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

2. Otitis media (ear infection)

3. Otitis interna (labyrinthitis)

what is the microbial cause of Otitis externa (Swimmer's ear)

Bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (also seen in dermatitis, burn wounds)

Fungal: Aspergillus

Viral

what are the key indicators of Otitis externa (Swimmer's ear)

Outer ear

Itchy, red

what is the microbial cause of Otitis media (ear infection)

Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae (also in meningitis)

Bacterial: Haemophilus influenzae (also in meningitis)

what are the key indicators of Otitis media (ear infection)

Associated with respiratory infections

Eustachian tubes and middle ear

Pressure in ear

what is the microbial cause for Otitis Interna (labyrinthitis)

virus

what are the key indicators for Otitis Interna (labyrinthitis)

Dizziness, vertigo

Inner ear

what are the 3 diseases of wounds

1. Burn wound infections

2. Surgical site infections

3. Gas gangrene

what is the microbial cause for burn wound infections

Bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (also in dermatitis, outer ear infection)

what are the key indicators of burn wound infections

Green

Burn wound

what is the micorbial cause for Surgical site infections (SSIs)

Patient's normal flora!

what is the key indicator for Surgical site infections (SSIs)

Infection/inflammation after surgery

what is the microbial cause of gas gangrene

Bacteria: Clostridium perfringens

what are the key indicators of gas gangrene

Deep tissue wound

Gas buildup in tissues

Diabetes

Reduced blood flow

what are the 6 cardio/lymph diseases

1. Bacteremia

2. Lymphangitis

3. Septicemia (sepsis)

4. Severe sepsis

5. Septic shock

6. Endocarditis

what are the diseases of Staphylococcus aureus

Sepsis

Endocarditis

Skin infections

Toxemias

what are the key indicators of Staphylococcus aureus

THINK MRSA (if it's staph aureus, it might be about MRSA)

CA vs HA MRSA: look for PVL gene or susceptibilities1)

Catalase +

Normal flora

Protein A

what are the diseases Staphylococcus epidermidis causes

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Normal flora

IVs and catheters

what are the diseases Viridans streptococci cause

endocarditis

what are the key indicators of Viridans streptococci

Dental work

Normal flora

what are the diseases of Enterococcus sp

Sepsis

Endocarditis

what are the key indicators of Enterococcus sp

Prosthetic heart valves

Normal gut flora

what are the diseases of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Sepsis

Skin (cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis)

Upper respiratory infections

Toxemias

what are the key indicators of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Catalase -

M protein (rheumatic fever)

Must treat with antibiotics

Rheumatic fever (a predisposition for endocarditis!!!)

Lemierre's syndrome

what are the diseases of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep)

Sepsis (newborns)

Neonatal meningitis

what are the key indicators of Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep)

Catalase -

Newborns

Vaginal birth

Mother is infected

what are the diseases of Yersinia pestis

Plague

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Yersinia pestis

Zoonotic

Vector (fleas)

what are the diseases of Brucella sp

Brucellosis

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Brucella sp

Zoonotic

Food infection (meat and dairy processing)

Farmers and vets

what are the diseases of Francisella tularensis

Tularemia

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Francisella tularensis

Rabbits

Inhaling aerosols

Landscapers and vets

what are the diseases of Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme disease

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Borrelia burgdorferi

Zoonotic

Vector: ticks

Bullseye rash

what are the diseases of Rickettsia ricketsii

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Sepsis

what are the key indicators of Rickettsia ricketsii

Zoonotic

Vector: ticks

Socks and gloves rash

what are the bacterial cardio and lymph diseases

1. Staphylococcus aureus

2. Staphylococcus epidermidis

3. Viridans streptococci

4. Enterococcus sp.

5. Streptococcus pyogenes

6. Streptococcus agalactiae

7. Endotoxic shock

• Gram-negative

• Gram-positive

what are the zoonotic bacterial diseases of the cardio/lymph system

8. Plague

9. Brucellosis

10.Tularemia

11. Lyme disease

12.Rocky Mountain

Spotted Fever

what are the viral diseases of the cardio/lymph system

1. Infectious mononucleosis

• Burkitt’s lymphoma

2. Hemorrhagic fever

3. Acute retroviral syndrome and AIDS

what diseases are from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Mononucleosis (mono)

Burkitt lymphoma

what are the key indicators of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Infects B cells and makes them atypical

Monospot test

Young adults/teens

what are the microbial cause of hemorrhagic fever

Ebola virus

Yellow fever virus

Dengue virus

what are the key indicators of hemorrhagic fever

Patients blood vessels are leaking

U.S. citizen went on vacation

Mosquito vector

what are the diseases of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Acute retroviral syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

AIDS-related complex