Photosynthesis

(Not done)

Photosynthesis formula

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂,

Light reactions

converts light energy (1) into chemical energy.

• ATP

• NADPH

Calvin cycle

• converts chemical energy in NADPH & ATP into carbohydrates.

• “Fixes” carbon dioxide, converting it from a low energy gas into high energy sugars.

Chlorophyll

pigments that absorbs light energy

Light dependent reactions

that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, capturing light energy and converting it into ATP and NADPH.

Inputs of the light dependent reactions

Water, ADP, NADP+

What are the outputs of light dependent reactions

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

Photosystems

proteins with embedded chlorophyll molecules

PS 2

the flow of electrons along an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane

Electron transport

powers H+ pumping from the stroma into thylakoid membrane

PS 1

• Electrons flow along the electron transport chain of PS 1.

• Electrons flow from the enzyme NADP+ reductase into NADPH into the Calvin cycle

Z scheme PS 2

Light drives electrons boosting from PS 2; water gets spilt into oxygen and hydrogen ions.

Z scheme Electron transort

electron flow powers H+ pumping ——- ATP synthesis

Z scheme PS 1

light boosts electrons in PS1 then electron flow powers NADPH+ reduction to NADPH.