Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Delayed Puberty

Condition in which the secondary sex characteristics fail to appear by 14-15, usually normal

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra, usually due to STDs, causes tingling, itching, burning, frequency, urgency, and white/cloudy discharge

Urethral Stricture

Narrowing of the urethra due to scarring from trauma or untreated infections, causes diminished force and caliber

Phimosis

Inability to retract foreskin from glans, usually due to poor hygiene or infection

Paraphimosis

Inability to replace/cover glans with foreskin

Peyronie Disease

Slow development of fibrous plaques in erectile tissue causing a lateral curvature of the penis during erection, occurs in middle aged men, “bent nail syndrome”

Priapism

Prolonged penile erection, urologic emergency

Balanitis

Inflammation of the glans penis, usually associated with prepuce inflammation

Condyloma Acuminatum

Benign tumor due to HPV, can cause a common wart and moist surface of genitalia

Penile Cancer

Rare carcinoma of the penis, usually caused by squamous cell carcinoma, risk decreased with circumcision

Variocele

Abnormal dilation of testicular vein and pampiniform plexus within the scrotum, usually on left side in infertile men

Hydrocele

Scrotal swelling caused by collection of fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

Spermatocele

Benign cystic collections of fluid of the epididymis, usually painless, causes discrete, firm, freely mobile masses distinct from the testes

Cryptorchidism

Failure of one or more of the testes to descend completely, causes a high risk for testicular cancer if not repaired early

Ectopic Testis

Testis that has strayed from the normal pathway of descent

Testicular Torsion

Rotation of a testis on its vascular pedicle resulting in a disruption in blood supply

Orchitis

Acute inflammation of the testes, usually due to mumps, causes high fever, marked prostration, erythema, edema, scrotal tenderness, and leukocytosis

Testicular Cancer

Highly treatable malignancy of the testes, usually caused by germ cell tumors

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis, usually due to STD, causes scrotal or inguinal pain

Chemical Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis due to reflux of sterile urine into the ejaculatory ducts

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Enlargement of the prostate gland, causes urethral compression (BPH)

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate due to an ascending infection of the urinary tract, acute onset

Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate due to recurrent UTI symptoms and persistence of pathogenic bacteria in urine or prostate fluid, similar symptoms to acute bladder infection

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Inflammation of the prostate with no pathogenic bacteria but elevated WBC

Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate that is asymptomatic but has increased bacteria and WBC

Prostate Cancer

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate, usually good prognosis, very common

Gynecomastia

Overdevelopment of breast tissue in men

Bacterial STDs

Gonococcal infections, bacterial vaginosis, syphilis, lymphogranulomas, and chlamydia

Viral STDs

Herpes, HPV, condylomata acuminata, HIV, hepatitis B

Parasitic STDs

Trichomoniasis, scabies, and lice

Fungal STD

Candida albicans