[MICROBIOLOGY] Bacteriology - Part 3 - Gram Positive Bacilli

b. I, II

Bacillus

Clostridium

Spore forming bacilli:

I. Bacillus

II. Clostridium

III. Actinomycetes

IV. Streptomyces

V. Corynebacterium diptheriae

VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

VII. Listeria monocytogenes

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III

e. IV, V, VI, VII

e. All

True about bacillus:

a. Obligate aerobe

b. Majority are motile

c. Can be source of antibiotics

d. a and b

e. All

a. Bacillus anthracis

The only non-motile bacillus.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

c. Bacillus subtilis

Source of bacitracin.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

d. Bacillus polymyxa

Source of polymixin.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

a. Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus that is boxcar shaped with capsule but nonmotile.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

c. Cow

Bacillus anthracis is zoonotic specificall from:

a. Dog

b. Sheep

c. Cow

d. Pig

a. Cutaneous anthrax - formation of papule that may lead to necrotic ulcer and eventually eschar.

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the injured skin.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

b. GI anthrax - cause bowel ulceration that can lead to sepsis

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the mucous membranes.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax - Pulmonary hemorrhage (fatal)

Resulting disease when spores of Bacillus anthracis enter the respiratory tract.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

Also known as Woolsorter's disease.

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. GI anthrax

c. Inhalational anthrax

a. Bacillus anthracis

Boxcar shaped bacillus that causes Woolsorter's disease.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

b. Bacillus cereus

Motile not capsulated bacilli that causes poisoning from fried rice.

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Bacillus cereus

c. Bacillus subtilis

d. Bacillus polymyxa

a. Emetic form infection - vomiting and abdominal cramps

Bacillus cereus infection from fried rice will lead to

a. Emetic form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection - diarrhea and abdominal cramps

Bacillus cereus infection from meat and vegetables will lead to

a. Emetic form infection

b. Diarrheal form infection

a. Fluid replacement

Management for Bacillus cereus for minor symptoms.

a. Fluid replacement

b. Vancomycin

c. Clindamycin

d. b and c

f. All

c. Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium species are obligate anaerobe. All of them are motile except:

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Club-shaped clostridium with subterminal spores.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

Tennis racket or drumstick shaped clostridium with spherical and terminal spores.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

Mode of transmission is skin penetration from soil contaminated objects.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

Contains tetanospamin which inhibits release of inhibitory neurotransmitter agents such as glycine, GABA, thus leading to spastic paralysis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani

First sign of infection include trismus or lockjaw which will eventually be followed by the triad of spastic paralysis, opisthotonos, and sardonic smile (Risus sardonicus).

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Clostridium tetani - this is known as Tetanus neonatorum

May cause spastic paralysis from cutting umbilical cord with unsterile equipment in home delivery labors.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Diaphragmatic paralysis - paralysis of the respiratory muscles

Main cause of death from Clostridium tetani infection:

a. Spastic paralysis

b. Tetanus neonatorum

c. Diaphragmatic paralysis

d. Trismus

e. Risus sardonicus

e. All

Treatment for Clostridium tetani infection.

a. Metronidazole

b. Tetanus toxoid + tetanus antitoxin

c. Spasmolytic agents such as Diazepam

d. a and b

e. All

a. DPT - All are high doses. (Capital means high doses)

Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for children.

a. DPT

b. Tdap

c. Both

d. None of these

b. Tdap

Prevention of Clostridium tetani infection for adult.

a. DPT

b. Tdap

c. Both

d. None of these

b. Clostridium botulinum

Contains a toxin inhibits release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neuron causing flaccid paralysis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

e. All

True about Clostridium botulinum:

a. Can be used for treatment of wrinkles

b. Can be present in bulging canned goods

c. Can be destroyed by heating at 100°C for 20 minutes.

d. a and b

e. All

b. Clostridium botulinum

Can cause the floppy baby syndrome which is a flaccid paralysis causes by ingestion of this bacterial spores from infected honey.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

b. Clostridium botulinum

Causes paralysis of the respiratory muscles in adults from ingestion of preformed toxins from infected canned goods.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium from soil which produce target or double hemolysis on blood agar plate.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

c. Clostridium perfringens

Positive in Nagler reaction producing stormy fermentation of milk.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

a. Enterotoxin A

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that causes food poisoning.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

b. Lecithinase

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that produce necrotizing effect that may lead to gas gangrene or DM foot.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

e. All

Management for DM foot:

a. Hyperbaric oxygen

b. Debridement

c. Amputation

d. a and b

e. All

b. Lecithinase

Alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

c. Hemolysin

Teta toxin of Clostridium perfringens.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

c. Teta toxin - hemolysin

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that is hemolytic.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Alpha toxin

c. Teta toxin

d. Epsilon toxin

d. Epsilon toxin

Virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens that may be used for bioterrorism.

a. Enterotoxin A

b. Lecithinase

c. Hemolysin

d. Epsilon toxin

f. None

True about Clostridial myonecrosis except:

a. Severe muscular infection with gas gangrene

b. Hemorrhage and red-black discoloration

c. Usually seen in DM patients accompanied by neuropathy

d. Foul-smelling discharge: mixed infection

e. Complication is sepsis which may cause death

f. None

a. Penicillin

Main drug treatment for Clostridium perfringen infections

a. Penicillin

b. Ampiciilin

c. Gentamicin

d. Vancomycin

d. Clostridium difficile

Normal flora of the large intestine which may release toxin subunit A causing colitis.

a. Clostridium tetani

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium perfringens

d. Clostridium difficile

e. All

Clostridium difficile infection is associated with chronic antibiotic use including:

a. Clindamycin

b. Cephalosporin

c. Ampicillin

d. a and b

e. All

a. True

With chronic antibiotic use, the normal flora die and they left pseudomembrane thus leading to pseudomembranous colitis.

a. True

b. False

e. None

Management for pseudomembranous colitis except:

a. Stopping antibiotic use

b. Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Fecal transplant

e. None

a. Oral Vancomycin

DOC for pseudomembranous colitis.

a. Oral Vancomycin

b. IV Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Penicillin

c. Metronidazole

Alternative drug for pseudomembranous colitis.

a. Oral Vancomycin

b. IV Vancomycin

c. Metronidazole

d. Penicillin

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

Actinomycetes

Streptomyces

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Listeria monocytogenes

Non spore-forming bacilli:

I. Bacillus

II. Clostridium

III. Actinomycetes

IV. Streptomyces

V. Corynebacterium diptheriae

VI. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

VII. Listeria monocytogenes

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

b. I, II

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII

d. I, II, III

e. IV, V, VI, VII

a. Actinomycetes

Formerly classified under kingdom fungi which are branching and filamentous under microscope.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

a. Actinomyces israelli

Anaerobic actinomycetes:

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

e. b and c

Nocardia asteroides

Actinomadura madurae

Aerobic actinomycetes:

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Actinomyces israelli

Normal flora of the skin and oral cavity which can cause actinomycosis or lumpy jaw characterized by abscess usually in the mandible.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

a. Penicillin

Treatment for Actinomyces israelli infection.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

b. Nocardia asteroides - pneumonia specifically Nocardiosis

A weakly aerobic acid fast actinomycetes which can cause pneumonia.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

Treatment for nocardiosis.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

c. Actinomadura madurae

Aerobic actinomycetes that causes blockade of lymph leading to mycetoma.

a. Actinomyces israelli

b. Nocardia asteroides

c. Actinomadura madurae

b. Amputation

Eumycetoma is fungal mycetoma treated with:

a. Ketoconazole

b. Amputation

a. Ketoconazole

Actinomycetoma is bacterial mycetoma treated with:

a. Ketoconazole

b. Amputation

b. Streptomyces

Primary source of antibiotics.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

b. Streptomyces griseus

Source of streptomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

d. Streptomyces orientalis

Source of vancomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

Source of daptomycin.

a. Streptomyces erytheus

b. Streptomyces griseus

c. Streptomyces licolnensis

d. Streptomyces orientalis

e. Streptomyces roseosporus

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

Source of chloramphenicol.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

Source of cylcoserine.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

c. Streptomyces nodosus

Source of amphotericin B.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

d. Streptomyces noursei

Source of nystatin.

a. Streptomyces venezuelae

b. Streptomyces orchidaceous

c. Streptomyces nodosus

d. Streptomyces noursei

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Non-motile, club-shaped bacilli with Chinese character arrangement/palisades.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Gray colonies on blood agar plate.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

b. Susceptibility

Schixck test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its:

a. Toxigenicity

b. Susceptibility

a. Toxigenicity

Elek test for Corynebacterium diptheriae is test for its

a. Toxigenicity

b. Susceptibility

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Diagnose through Dacron swab.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

Fragment A inhibits the elongation factor 2 inhibiting protein synthesis which may lead to death.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

f. All

Management for Corynebacterium diptheriae.

a. Erythromycin

b. Pen G

c. Diptheria antitoxin

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

H2S producing organism causing zoonotic infection to which fishermen, fish handlers, butchers have the greatest risk to.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

Causes whale finger or seal finger which is a raised violaceous lesion on the ringer without pus.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

a. Penicillin

Treatment for Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae infection:

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ketoconazole

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Has tumbling motility with umbrella growth pattern.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Important food-borne pathogen as it can survive refrigerator temperature, low pH and high salt content.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

e. Listeria monocytogenes

The only gram positive organism that can produce endotoxin.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

a. Listeriolysin

Listeria monocytogenes virulent factor responsible for inhibiting phagocytosis.

a. Listeriolysin

b. Endotoxin

a. Adult Human Listeriosis

Asymptomatic bacteremia caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

a. Adult Human Listeriosis

b. Perinatal Human Listeriosis

e. Listeria monocytogenes

Can cause neonatal sepsis (granulomatosis infactseptica) and neonatal meningitis.

a. Actinomycetes

b. Streptomyces

c. Corynebacterium diptheriae

d. Erysipelothrix rhusopathiae

e. Listeria monocytogenes

c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin

Treatment for Listeria monocytogenes infection.

a. Penicillin

b. Vancomycin

c. Ampicillin + Gentamicin

d. Cefuroxime

e. Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole