Verbal Reasoning: Cause and Effect Practice Flashcards

These flashcards cover the fundamental vocabulary and concepts of Verbal Reasoning, specifically focusing on logical analysis and the principles of Cause and Effect as outlined in the study notes.

Verbal Reasoning

A critical part of reasoning that evaluates the ability to understand, analyze, and interpret verbal information by assessing logical connections and relationships.

Logical Deduction

The requirement of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on given information to determine what logically follows from a statement or set of statements.

Statements and Assumptions

A type of verbal reasoning that tests the ability to determine what assumptions are required to validate a statement.

Assertion and Reason

A reasoning type that tests the ability to understand if a specific reason justifies a given assertion.

Course of Action

A verbal reasoning task that involves suggesting logical steps or actions based on a given situation or problem.

Cause and Effect

A relationship where one event directly influences or produces another event.

Cause

An event, action, or condition that directly leads to another event or result; it is the reason why something happens.

Effect

The result or outcome of a specific cause that happens as a consequence of that cause.

Direct Cause-Effect

A relationship where one event is the clear and specific reason for the occurrence of another.

Common Cause

A relationship where two separate events result from a third, unmentioned cause.

Coincidental/Unrelated Events

Events that occur independently of each other with no causal relationship between them.

Temporal Relationship

An indicator in cause-effect analysis stating that a cause typically precedes its effect in time.

Sufficient Condition

A condition that, if satisfied, ensures the results of a certain event; in cause and effect questions, the cause is treated as this condition.

Necessary Condition

A condition that must be satisfied for the occurrence of an event to be possible.

Correlation does not imply causation

A principle warning against misinterpreting coincidences as cause-effect simply because two events happen close in time.