Lab 8 practicum

LAB 8 FLASHCARDS GUIDE —>

USEFUL LINK - cypressbiologysato.com/imagegallery3.htm

One * = Antagonist

Two ** = Synergist

Make sure you are able to identify location for ALL muscles

“What is OIASA“ = Origin, insertion, action, synergist, antagonist

Everything was made using the answer appendix & link so if a mistake is made somewhere point it out in the discord, this is how you avoid getting something wrong.

Erector spinae* (Deep muscles of the posterior thorax 1 of 1):

What is AA?

Action: Prime back extension.

Antagonist: Rectus abdominis.

External intercostals* ** (Deep muscles of the thorax 1 of 3):

What is ASA?

Action: Elevates rib for inspiration.
Synergist: Diaphragm.

Antagonist: Internal intercostal.

Internal intercostals* (Deep muscles of the thorax 2 of 3):

What is AA?

Action: Depresses ribs for expiration.

Antagonist: External intercostals.

Diaphragm* **(Deep muscles of the thorax 3 of 3):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Xiphoid process.
Insertion: Central tendon.
Action: Prime muscle of respiration.
Synergist: External intercostals.

Antagonist: Internal intercostals.

Rectus abdominis* ** (Muscles of the abdomen 1 of 4):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Pubic crest.
Insertion: Xiphoid process.
Action: Flexes trunk.
Synergist: External oblique.

Antagonist: Erector spinae.

External oblique** (Muscles of the abdomen 2 of 4):

What is AS?

Action: Flexes trunk.
Synergist: Internal oblique.

Internal oblique** (Muscles of the abdomen 3 of 4):

What is AS?

Action: Flexes trunk.
Synergist: External oblique.

Transverse abdominis** (Muscles of the abdomen 4 of 4):

What is AS?

Action: Compresses abdominal wall.
Synergist: Internal oblique.

Pectoralis minor** (Superficial muscles of anterior thorax 1 of 2):

What is OIAS?

Origin: Ribs 3-5.
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula.
Action: Protracts scapula.
Synergist: Serratus anterior.

Serratus anterior* (Superficial muscles of anterior thorax 2 of 2):

What is AA?

Action: Protracts scapula.

Antagonist: Rhomboids.

Trapezius (Superficial muscles of the posterior thorax 1 of 3):

What is OIA?

Origin: Occipital bone.
Insertion: Spine.
Action: Extends head.

Levator scapulae (Superficial muscles of the posterior thorax 2 of 3):

What is OIA?

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4.
Insertion: Medial border of scapula.
Action: Elevates scapula.

Rhomboids (Superficial muscles of the posterior thorax 3 of 3):

What is Action?

Action: Retracts scapula.

Pectoralis major* **(Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 1 of 9):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Sternum.
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus.
Action: Adducts arm.
Synergist: Latissimus dorsi.

Antagonist: Deltoid.

Latissimus dorsi* (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 2 of 9):

What is OIAA?

Origin: Lower thoracic vertebrae.
Insertion: Intertubercular groove.
Action: Adducts arm.

Antagonist: Deltoid.

Deltoid* (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 3 of 9):

What is IAA?

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Action: Abducts arm.

Antagonist: Pectoralis major.

Subscapularis* (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 4 of 9):

What is IAA?

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus.
Action: Medially rotates arm.

Antagonist: Infraspinatus.

Supraspinatus (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 5 of 9):

What is IA?

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus.
Action: Abducts arm.

Infraspinatus* **(Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 6 of 9):

What is IASA?

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus.
Action: Laterally rotates arm.
Synergist: Teres minor.

Antagonist: Subscapularis.

Teres minor* **(Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 7 of 9):

What is IASA?

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus.
Action: Laterally rotates arm.
Synergist: Infraspinatus.

Antagonist: Subscapularis.

Teres major (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 8 of 9):

What is IASA?

Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle.
Action: Medially rotates arm.
Synergist: Subscapularis.

Antagonist: Infraspinatus.

Coracobrachialis* (Muscles crossing the shoulder - arm movement 9 of 9):

What is OIAA?

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
Insertion: Medial shaft of humerus.
Action: Adduction of arm.

Antagonist: Infraspinatus.

Triceps brachii* (Muscles of the posterior arm - forearm movement 1 of 1):

What is OIAA?

Origin: Posterior humerus.
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna.
Action: Extends forearm.

Antagonist: Biceps brachii.

Biceps brachii* **(Muscles of the anterior arm - forearm movement 1 of 3):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Coracoid process.
Insertion: Radial tuberosity.
Action: Flexes forearm.
Synergist: Brachialis.

Antagonist: Triceps brachii.

Brachialis* **(Muscles of the anterior arm - forearm movement 2 of 3):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Distal anterior humerus.
Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna.
Action: Flexes forearm.
Synergist: Biceps brachii.

Antagonist: Triceps brachii.

Brachioradialis** (Muscles of the anterior arm - forearm movement 3 of 3):

What is OIAS?

Origin: Distal humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of radius.
Action: Flexes forearm.
Synergist: Biceps brachii.

Pronator teres (Muscles of the anterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 1 of 5):

What is Action?

Action: Pronates forearm.

Flexor carpi ulnaris* **(Muscles of the anterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 2 of 5):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal.
Action: Flexes wrist.
Synergist: Flexor carpi radialis.

Antagonist: Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Flexor carpi radialis* **(Muscles of the anterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 3 of 5):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
Action: Flexes wrist.
Synergist: Flexor carpi ulnaris.

Antagonist: Extensor carpi radialis.

Palmaris longus* (Muscles of the anterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 4 of 5):

What is AA?

Action: Flexes wrist.

Antagonist: Extensor carpi radialis.

Flexor digitorum* (Muscles of the anterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 5 of 5):

What is OIAA?

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Four tendons into middle phalanges 2-5.
Action: Flexes hand.

Antagonist: Extensor digitorum.

Extensor carpi radialis* ** (Muscles of the posterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 1 of 3):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal.
Action: Extends wrist.
Synergist: Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Antagonist: Flexor carpi radialis.

Extensor digitorum* (Muscles of the posterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 2 of 3):

What is OIAA?

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: Posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5.
Action: Extends wrist.

Antagonist: Flexor digitorum.

Extensor carpi ulnaris* **(Muscles of the posterior forearm - wrist, hand, & digit movement 3 of 3):

What is OIASA?

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
Insertion: 5th metacarpal.
Action: Extends wrist.
Synergist: Extensor carpi radialis.

Antagonist: Flexor carpi ulnaris.

Which muscle aids in forced inspiration?

Sternocleidomastoid.

Which muscle provides normal/quiet inspiration?

External intercostals & diaphragm.

remember external = inspiration

Which muscle provides normal/quiet expiration?

Internal intercostals & diaphragm

remember internal = expiration

What do the SITS muscles make up?

Rotator cuff muscles.

Supraspinatus - Abducts arm.
Infraspinatus - Laterally rotates arm.
Teres minor - Laterally rotates arm.
Subscapularis - Medially rotates arm.

Know the prime mover for a particular motion (from your cards):

• Erector spinae → back extension

• Diaphragm → inspiration

• Rectus abdominis → trunk flexion

• Serratus anterior → scapula protraction/rotation

• Deltoid → arm abduction

• Pectoralis major → arm flexion/adduction/medial rotation

• Latissimus dorsi → arm extension/adduction/medial rotation

• Triceps brachii → elbow extension

• Biceps brachii → elbow flexion

• Brachialis → forearm flexion