Zoology Final

Exams 1-4

The basic unit of life:

cell

Different kinds of organisms interacting and living in the same geographical area are called a(n):

community

Many planes passing through the longitudinal axis can divide the body into two similar halves

radial symmetry

On a bilateral animal, parts nearer to the middle

proximal

Most animals have:

complete gut formation

The second embryonic opening, becomes the adult mouth:

Deuterostomes

mesoderm cells line the outer edge of the blastocoel and also line the gut cavity causing two body cavities to be formed:

Coelomate

In reference to “when a human life begins” which is not biologically speaking an end stage

zygote

Which scientist began the binomial naming system of organisms

Carl Linnaeus

Which of the following is the proper presentation of the species name for the whitetail deer?

Odocoileus virginianus

Which taxonomic group comes after Order?

Family

The origin and diversification of a taxonomic group

Phylogeny

A derived character state shared by members of a clade

Synapomorphy

According to cladistics, a taxon that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group and all the descendants of that ancestor is:

Monophyletic

Structures that have been proposed to have been passed on from a common ancestor because they are similar in structure.

homologous structures

A specimen that is labeled and deposited in a museum that serves as a guide to the general morphological characters of the species

Type Specimen

A symbolic relationship where both organisms benefit

Mutualism

A feeding strategy that uses inorganic chemicals and energy to produce organic material

Autotrophic

An organelle that some unicellular eukaryotes use to expel excess liquid to help with osmoregulation

contractile vacuole

In ciliates, which is the most involved in reproduction:

Micronucleus

A dinoflagellate that lives in a mutualistic association within the tissues of reef building corals

Zooxanthellae

Another word for shell:

test

The genus responsible for Malaria

Plasmodium

Shelled amebas with slender pseudopods that are abundant in the fossil record and are responsible for the White Cliffs of Dover

Foraminifera

Spongin is made out of:

Collagen

Sponges with skeletons of six-rayed silica spicules are in this class

Hexactinellida

Natural bath sponges belong to this class:

Demospongiae

Internal buds found mostly in freshwater sponges that help them survive winter and drought

gemmules

Choanocytes occur in which phylum?

Porifera

The design for the canal system where water enters though the ostia and into incurrent canals which leads to chambers and then to excurrent canals

Leuconoid

the phylum whose organisms capture prey with tentacles covered with glue-like material

Ctenophora

Can asexually reproduce though pedal laceration

Anemones

having both male and female gonads in the same organism

monoecious

Freshwater jellyfish belong to which class

Hydrozoa

Corals belong to which class

Anthozoa

the middle layer of inert, gelatinous material found in Cnidarians

Mesoglea

bell or umbrella-shaped bodies, mouth centered on the concave (subumbrellar) side

Medusa

A colony that has a pneumatophore and will drift on to southern beaches

Portuguese man-of-war

Platyhelminthes are diploblastic

false

The auricles that occur in planaria are for:

Chemical reception

The host in which sexual reproduction occurs

Definitive host

Shistosoma flukes are

dioecious

Can cause large basketball sixe cysts in the liver of humans

Hydatid dog tapeworm

The class of platyhelminthes that has a ciliated epidermis

Turbellaria

The class of platyhelminthes that can have suckers and/or hooks on the scolex

Cestoda

In the life cycle of the Chinese liver fluke which stage is able to bore into the muscles of the fish

Cercaria

The syncytial tegument in Platyhelminthes provides

protection against the host

in this disease the main ill effects are caused by the eggs which can cause ulceration of the intestinal and bladder walls and cirrhosis of the liver

Shistosoma

Nematocystes are indicative of this phylum

Cnidaria

The process by which populations become adapted to their environment is a definition for:

Natural Selection

A selection of a chromosome that is an imperfect copy of a functional gene

Pseudogenes

Anatomical features that supposedly have “no” apparent function

Vestigial organs

Microevolution is a synonym for Darwinian Evolution

False

Houses the gills and lungs in Mollusca

Mantle cavity

The middle and thick layer in a molluscan shell

Prismatic

The first of two larval stages that occur in most mollusca

Trochophore

The group that the land and the most freshwater snails belong to

Pulmonates

Which is an introduced species that has no known native enemies in the U.S.

Zebra mussel

Eight arms, no tentacles and no shell

Octopus

Which is the oldest part of the bivalve shell?

Umbo

Which class in Mollusca has a closed circulatory system?

Cephalopoda

A crown of tentacles covered with cilia attached to the body wall

Lophophore

The class of brachiopods that have shells with a connecting hinge

Articulata

The name means jointed foot

Arthropoda

The clade in Annelida that contains most of the marine polychaetes

Errantia

Lack distinct coelomic compartments

Leeches

The part of the Mollusk that secretes the shell

Mantle

Have salivary glands that secrete anticoagulant

Leeches

Lobes on the sides of annelids that are especially apparent on polychaetes

Parapodia

Colony members called zooids secrete a small container in which they live

Bryozoa

The phylum Annelida are the segmented worms

true

Ship worms belong to the class

Bivalvia

Mosquitoes pass on these worms to humans

Wuchereria filarial worms

Nematodes are

Pseudocoelomic

Which is the human intestinal worm?

Ascaris lumbricoides

They are filarial worms

Dog heartworm

Members of Nematoda are known as the

Roundworms

The field of study that attempts to classify fossils and living organisms into created kinds

Baraminology

Organisms with radula occur in which phylum?

Mollusca

Hybridization continues to be an important tool in determining the continuity and thereby membership in a created kind

True

After analysis to determine a created kind, the created kind coincides most often with which level of the common classification scheme?

Family

Are placed in the group Lophotochozoa

Annelida

Organisms in this group have the largest brains of all the invertebrates

Cephalopoda

the name means moss animals

Bryozoa

The cuticle in this group is hardened by calcium carbonate

Crustacea

The largest of the arthropod fossils and thought to have been dominate predators

Euryterida

Chiggers are the larvae of

mites

Crustaceans that are sessile and enclosed in a shell of plates

Barnacles

Spiders belong to which subphyla

Chelicerata

The larvae of the freshwater members of this group are called glochidium

Bivalves

There are more species in this phylum than any other

Arthropoda

Which subphylum’s members have at least some biramous appendages sometime in their life cycle

Crustacea

The Euphausiacea contain the

Krill

No carapace. The head and first two thoratic segments are fused together to from a cephalothorax

Copepoda

They kill their prey with a poison claw

Centipedes

The members of this group have a cephalothorax joined by a slender pedicel

Spiders

Transmit Lyme disease

Ticks

Two pairs of legs per segment on the trunk

Diplopoda

The study of insects

Entomology

As blood flows out of the insect’s dorsal aorta, which is the first organ to receive this blood

Brian