Required Cases

Marbury v. Madison

A landmark case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States.

McCulloch v. Maryland

The 1819 decision confirming the supremacy of federal over state law.

United States v. Lopez

The 1995 case that limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause.

Engel v. Vitale

The 1962 decision that declared school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

The 1969 ruling that protected students' right to free speech in schools.

New York Times Co. v. United States

The 1971 ruling that upheld freedom of the press and limited prior restraint.

Gideon v. Wainwright

The 1963 decision guaranteeing the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases.

McDonald v. City of Chicago

The 2010 case that incorporated the Second Amendment to the states.

Brown v. Board of Education

The 1954 Supreme Court decision declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

The 2010 ruling that allowed unlimited independent political expenditures by corporations and unions.

Baker v. Carr

The 1962 case that established the principle of one-person, one-vote in legislative districts.

Shaw v. Reno

The 1993 ruling that prohibited racial gerrymandering in district maps.

Schneck v United States

Restricted freedom of speech