Science - Cells and the Microscope

Living

has all the 7 characteristics

dead

had all the 7 characteristics

non-living

never had all 7 characteristics at the same time

Nutrition

The process in which organisms take in food and nutrients to get energy and to support life, repair and growth

Autotrophs

organisms that can make their own food (plants)

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot make their own food (animals)

Respirations

Not breathing

It is the way organisms use glucose to make energy

Excretion

Not faeces

The removal of waste products from the result of the metabolic processes, such as sweat (water and salt), urine (waste from blood), breath (water and CO₂)

Growth

The way living organism’s cells reproduce and grow

Reproduction

The formation of new individuals

Transfers genetics down generations

Stops the organism becoming extinct

(Mammals and Birds and Reptiles)

Movement

Animals move very quickly, plants move very slowly

Sensitivity/Response

Living things are aware of changes in their environment, plants and animals both respond to stimuli

Microscope

Helps us look at small things

Eyepiece

Where you look through, has the magnification marked on it (usually 10x)

Nosepiece

Revolves to allow the use of different lenses and magnification

Focus Knobs

Allows you to move the stage vertically (CFK allows great movement, while FFK is for precision)

Objective lenses

• Located on the nosepiece

• Each one has a different magnification

• Total magnification = Eyepiece * Objective

Stage clips

Clips used to secure the slide on the stage

Nucleus

Control centre of the cell and contains DNA

Cytoplasm

Watery liquid that gives shape to the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, uses glucose to create energy

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made

Cell Membrane

• The thin layer that surrounds the cell

• It is selectively permeable, which means it chooses what substances to let in and out

Chloroplasts

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll which allows photosynthesis to occur

Vacuole

Gives strength and provides storage for the cell (contains sap)

Cell Wall

Gives strength to the cell and is fully permeable

Parts of Animal Cells

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

Parts of Plant Cells

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

• Vacuole

• Chloroplasts