science breathing elements sound

What is gas exchange?

Gas exchange takes place in the lungs- oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out.

How is oxygen diffused into the blood?

It enters the body through the mouth and nose. It then travels down the windpipe, through a bronchus, then a bronchiole, into an alveolus, and diffuses into the blood.

Compare exhaled air to inhaled air

Exhaled air is warmer and contains more carbon dioxide and water vapour than inhaled air, but less oxygen.

What happens when you inhale?

when you inhale, muscles between your ribs and the diaphragm contract. this increases the volume inside your chest. the pressure decreases and air is drawn into the lungs.

What happens when you exhale?

Muscles between your ribs and the diaphragm relax. This decreases the volume inside your chest. The pressure increases and air is forced out of the lungs.

Which system does gas exchange occur in?

Respiratory system.

When you breathe in, (inhale) how do the ribs behave?

They are pulled up and out.

When you breathe out, (exhale) how do the ribs behave?

Ribs are pulled in and down

How much of each gas is contained in inhaled air?

Nitrogen- 78%

Oxygen- 20.96%

Carbon dioxide- 0.04%

Other gases- 1%

How much of each gas is contained in exhaled air?

Nitrogen- 78%

Carbon dioxide- 4%

Oxygen- 16%

Other gases- 2%

What factors could affect lung volume?

Height, sport, health conditions such as asthma, and your gender.

What is an element?

a substance that only contains one type of atom. it is found on the periodic table.

What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest part of which an element can be broken down into.

how many elements are on the periodic table?

118

Chemical symbol for Hydrogen

H

Chemical symbol for Oxygen

O

Nitrogen

N

Carbon

C

Zinc

Zn

Copper

Cu

Sulfur

S

Aluminium

Al

Iodine

I

Bromine

Br

Chlorine

Cl

Sodium

Na

Potassium

K

Magnesium

Mg

What is a molecule?

It is made up of 2 or more atoms. They can be the same atoms or different.

What is a mixture?

A mixture can include both atoms and molecules, but they are not all bonded together.

Water (H2O)

Water molecules are made up of two elements- hydrogen and oxygen. Water has a specific ratio of two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Carbon dioxide molecules are made up of two elements- carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide has a specific ratio of one carbon atom to two oxygen atoms.

What is a sound wave?

A sound wave is a vibration that travels through a solid, liquid or gas such as the air or water,

What type of amplitude does a loud sound have?

A loud sound has a high amplitude

What type of frequency does a high pitched sound have?

A high pitched sound has a high frequency

How do sound waves travel?

When there is a sound wave, the air particles don’t travel directly from the object making the sound to your ear. Sound waves are vibration being passed on between particles.

What happens when sound reaches us?

When a sound reaches us, the air particles inside our ear canal vibrate and hit the eardrum.

The eardrum then starts vibrating and these vibrations are passed to three small ear bones- hammer, anvil and stirrup.

The stirrup bone hits the cochlea, which turns the vibrations into an electrical signal that is sent to out brain via the auditory nerve.

When the signal reaches our brain, our brain translates the signal into the sound we hear.

What is a wave?

A wave is an oscillation or vibration which transfers energy from one place to another.

What is the amplitude?

The distance from the middle to the top or bottom of the wave.

What is the wavelength?

The distance between a point on the wave to the same point on the next wave.

What is the trough?

The bottom of the wave

What is the peak?

The top of the wave.

What is the frequency?

The frequency is how many waves pass a fixed point per second.

What is the frequency measured in?

Hertz (Hz)

Features of longitudinal waves (sound)

-Travel in the direction of energy transfer

-Need a medium to travel through

what are sound waves caused by?

the vibration of particles.

why does sound travel quicker in a solid than a gas?

the particles are closer together

what do oscilloscopes do?

display sound waves on a screen

what range of hertz can humans hear

between 20- 20,000 hertz

what is ultrasound?

sound waves above 20,000, which are too high pitched for humans to hear.