CANine Medicine Flashcards

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering infectious, digestive, urinary, and reproductive diseases in canine medicine as discussed in Dr. Luc Jesse E. Coma's lectures.

ParvoViral Enteritis

A viral infection targeting small intestinal germinal epithelial cells and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in hemorrhagic enteritis, leukopenia, sepsis, and cardiovascular compromise.

Canine Distemper

Also known as Hardpad Disease, this systemic illness is caused by a Morbillivirus (Family Paramyxoviridae) and often manifests as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic signs like "chewing-gum" seizures.

Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)

A viral liver disease caused by $CAdV-1$ that can lead to acute death or chronic hepatitis, with a hallmark symptom called "blue eyes" (anterior uveitis and corneal edema).

Rabies

A severe, fatal viral polioencephalitis of warm-blooded animals characterized by behavioral changes and potential forms including prodromal, paralytic (dumb), and furious.

Bordetella bronchiseptica

A highly contagious aerobic, gram-negative coccobacillus that is a primary respiratory pathogen for dogs and cats, serving as a contributing agent in Kennel Cough.

Caval Syndrome

Class 4 Heartworm disease involving Dirofilaria immitis, characterized by hemoglobinuria, tricuspid regurgitation, and right-sided congestive heart failure.

Leptospirosis

A zoonotic disease caused by gram-negative spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, commonly resulting in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and vasculitis.

Periodontitis

An inflammation of the deeper periodontal tissues (periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) typically induced by dental plaque.

Sialocele

The most common salivary gland disorder, appearing as a fluid-filled, generally painless swelling in the cervical, sublingual, or pharyngeal regions.

Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma (POF)

A type of epulis arising from cells in the periodontal ligament, appearing as a firm, rarely ulcerated gingival mass near the canine or premolar teeth.

Esophagitis

Acute or chronic inflammation of the esophagus, classically secondary to gastric acid reflux, foreign bodies, or medications like tetracyclines.

Gastric Dilation/Volvulus (GDV)

A condition involving rotation of the stomach on its mesenteric axis, resulting in the "Popeye sign" on right lateral radiographs and potentially fatal cardiovascular compromise.

Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (AHDS)

A disorder characterized by profuse hematemesis and hemorrhagic diarrhea ($PCV > 65\%$) likely caused by a novel NetF toxin from type-A Clostridium perfringens.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

An idiopathic intestinal disease characterized by chronic ($>3 weeks$) GI signs and inflammatory infiltration (e.g., lymphocytic-plasmacytic or eosinophilic) of the intestinal mucosa.

Intussusception

The invagination of one segment of the gastrointestinal tract (intussusceptum) into the lumen of an adjacent segment (intussuscipiens).

Megacolon

Persistent dilation of the large intestine associated with chronic constipation or obstipation, frequently resulting from prolonged fecal retention.

Acute Hepatic Failure (ALF)

A progression of acute liver injury occurring when at least $70\text{-}80\%$ of hepatic function is compromised, with a significant risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

Cholelithiasis

The formation of stones, usually composed of calcium, in the extrahepatic bile duct system or gallbladder.

Perianal Fistula

Also known as Anal Furunculosis, this is a potentially severe inflammation of the perianal tissue leading to draining tracts, most commonly affected German Shepherds.

Pancreatitis

An inflammatory condition signaled by premature activation of digestive enzymes, commonly diagnosed via the canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity ($cPLI$) test.

Bacterial Cystitis

Lower Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) involving bacteria that typically ascend through the urethra; common pathogens include E. coli and Staphylococcus.

Urolithiasis

The presence of urinary tract stones such as Magnesium ammonium phosphate (Struvite), Calcium oxalate, or Urate.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

An abrupt decline of glomerular filtration rate resulting in uremia and an inability to maintain fluid balance, often caused by nephrotoxins like ethylene glycol or grapes.

International Renal Interest Society (IRIS)

The organization that established the classification scheme for canine and feline Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) based on serum creatinine levels.

Pyometra

An acute or chronic suppurative metritis occurring in intact bitches during diestrus, where E. coli is the most common bacterial isolate.

Pseudocyesis

Also known as false pregnancy, this syndrome in nonpregnant bitches is associated with high plasma concentrations of prolactin and results in nesting behaviors and lactation.

Mastitis

Septic inflammation of the mammary gland, occurring most commonly in the postpartum bitch, resulting in firm, warm, and painful glands.

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)

A contagious neoplastic disease spread by viable tumor cells during coitus; it commonly presents as friable, cauliflower-like masses on the genitalia.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A non-neoplastic prostate enlargement mediated by Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that occurs as a normal age-related change in intact male dogs.

Paraphimosis

The inability to completely retract and maintain the penis within the prepuce, which may lead to mucosal inflammation, edema, and ischemia.