Development

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in development, including prenatal stages, cognitive theories, attachment styles, and parenting methods.

Cohort Effect

A cohort effect refers to the experiences shared by a generational group of people born in the same time period, influencing their reactions and behaviors.

Prenatal Development

Prenatal development is the process of development that occurs during the period from conception to birth, involving stages such as germinal, embryonic, and fetal.

Teratogen

A teratogen is any substance or factors, such as chemicals or viruses, that can cause disturbances in healthy prenatal development.

Reflexes

Reflexes are automatic responses in infants that fulfill survival needs, including sucking, rooting, and gripping.

Object Permanence

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, typically developed between five to eight months of age.

Assimilation

Assimilation is the process of integrating new information into existing schemas or mental frameworks.

Accommodation

Accommodation is the process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information.

Erikson's Stages of Development

Erikson’s theory outlines eight stages of psychosocial development, each characterized by a specific conflict or challenge.

Secure Attachment

Secure attachment is a strong emotional bond between an infant and caregiver, fostering confidence and security.

Authoritative Parenting

Authoritative parenting is a style characterized by high responsiveness and high demands, leading to positive outcomes in children.

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory explains how infants form emotional bonds with caregivers, which can influence relationships throughout life.

Working Memory

Working memory is the ability to hold and manipulate information temporarily in the mind.

Temperament

Temperament refers to an individual's characteristic patterns of emotional responses and behavior.

Synaptic Pruning

Synaptic pruning is the process of eliminating unused neurons and synapses to increase the efficiency of the brain's neural connections.

Cognitive Development Stages

Cognitive development stages, according to Piaget, include sensory motor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.

Critical Period

A critical period is a time during development when a child is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, such as language acquisition.

Socialization

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and social skills necessary to function in society.