6.1 and 6.2

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and devotion to one's nation, often leading to a desire for an increased role on the world stage.

Social Darwinism

A theory applying 'survival of the fittest' from biological evolution to social, political, and economic issues, often to justify imperialism and racial hierarchies.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Rudyard Kipling

An English writer whose poem 'The White Man’s Burden' became associated with the imperialist belief that Western nations had a duty to civilize other parts of the world.

European Nationalism

The expansion of European influence and control into other parts of the world, often as a means to compensate for losses or assert dominance.

Colonial Powers

European nations like Britain and France that established colonies overseas for economic, strategic, and nationalistic reasons.

Cultural Ideologies

Beliefs held by colonial powers that they were justified in imposing their culture, language, and institutions on indigenous peoples.

Religious Motives

The drive to spread Western religious beliefs, such as Christianity, often intertwined with colonial efforts and sometimes used to justify them.

Economic Motives

The desire for resources, markets, and economic power that drove the establishment of colonies and empires overseas.

East India Company

A company chartered by the British government that played a significant role in the imperialist expansion into India and East Asia.

Dutch East India Company

A Dutch company that had a monopoly on trade in certain regions and was instrumental in Dutch colonialism, particularly in Indonesia.

Japan's Expansion

Japan's emergence as an imperial power through its victory in the Sino-Japanese War and subsequent control over Korea and Taiwan.

Imperialism in Africa

Refers to European powers exploiting Africa for resources even after the slave trade was declared illegal.

Berlin Conference

A conference hosted by Otto von Bismarck to set rules for the partition of Africa among European powers.

Congo

Region in Africa personally owned by King Leopold II of Belgium, noted for brutal exploitation of its resources.

Settler colony

A form of colonization where the colonizer sends their people to settle into the territory.

Boer Wars

A series of conflicts between Dutch settlers and the British in Cape Colony over land and control.

Spheres of influence

A country or area in which another country has the power to exclusively trade and manage resources without formal authority.

Taiping Rebellion

A large-scale rebellion in China against the Qing Dynasty that was suppressed with foreign intervention.

Boxer Rebellion

A revolt in China aimed at ending foreign influence, occurring in 1900.

Penal colony

A type of colony used to exile prisoners from the general population.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of Native Americans from their lands, leading to high mortality rates.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand its territory.

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 where the U.S. supported Cuba's fight for independence from Spain.

Economic Motivations and Industrial Revolution

The demand for raw materials was a key factor behind imperial expansion driven by the Industrial Revolution.

Cultural and Religious Justifications

Western nations rationalized imperialism as a 'civilizing mission', asserting cultural superiority.

Territorial Expansions of Britain and France

Significant territories and events marking the imperial expansions of Britain and France.

Legacy and Post-Colonial Impact

Post-independence issues faced by former colonies, including political stability and economic development.

Technological and Military Advancements

The use of superior technology by European powers to control and administer their empires.

Impact on Colonized Regions

Imperialism dramatically altered the political, social, and economic structures of colonized countries.