Hardware, Internet, Cloud, telecomunications

CPU (Processor)

Multi-processor configurations

speed measured in cycles

RAM

Main memory

Cache

temporary holding area for frequently accessed data.

L1 is part of the chip and is smaller and faster

L2 and L3 are bigger and slower to access

Storage types

Non-volatile: HDD, SSD, Thumb drives, optical drive

Volatile: Cache and main memory

Storage trend over the decades

large but smaller storage —> small with large storage

KB - kilobyte = 1024 bytes

MB - megabyte = 1024 KB

GB - gigabyte = 1024 MB

TB - terabyte = 1024 GB

BYOD - Bring Your Own Device

policy allowing employees to bring their own devices

Advantages of BYOD

Cost savings, employee satisfaction, less training, increased productivity, less support costs

Disadvantages of BYOD

data loss of damage, loss of control, compatibility issues, risk of infection, increased support costs

IoT - Internet of Things

networks of things embedded with sensors, software, and technologies that connect and exchange data

Client/Server

distributed computing model where clients request data, services, or resources from a server through the network and web applications

Operating Systems

programs to “direct” hardware what to do

User Interface

program managing presentation, input and output with a user

Virtual Machine

programs simulating 1 or more additional physical computers in 1

Licensing

Cannot own a program but a license to use it

Firmware

special software in non-volatile, read-only memory

ex. printers, phones, etc

FTP - File transfer Protocol

transfer files between client and server on computer network

Digital data transmission

can be sent to other computers

discrete, binary representations

Analog Data transmission

continuous, varying waves representing physical data

Data Transmission

Modem is used to translate digital signals to analog form and vice verse

computers can transmit data over analog networks (telephone, cable networks)

Transmission Speed

Bits per second

Hertz

Bandwidth

Client/Server computing

a distributed computing model that divides tasks between providers of a resource or service (servers) and service requesters (clients)

Packet Switching

digital communication method that breaks data into smaller blocks, or "packets," which are independently routed from source to destination using routers

upon destination the packets are reassembled

TCP/IP connectivity

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet protocol

governs transmission of information between 2points

LAN

Local Area Network

Connects devices in close proximity to share resources by using Ethernet or WIFI

WAN

Wide area network

spans a large area by connecting multiple LANs using public or leased infrastructrure

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

assigned 32-bit # to each device

Domain Name System

converts IP addresses to domain names

VPN - Virtual Private Network

creates a secure, encrypted connection between your device and the internet, masking your IP address and online activity, by sending plain text to LAN

World Wide Web

global, hypertext-based information system operating on top of the Internet

universal access to documents via web browsers

Web Server

Software for locating and managing webpages linked to home

URL - uniform resource locator

link with domain name and file location of webpage

Cellular Systems

3G: 144 kbps for emails and web browsing

4G: 100 mbps for videos LTE

5G: downloads speeds up to 10-20x faster, better use of radio spectrum

Bluetooth

links 8-10 devices using low power, radio communications

personal networking

WIFI

wireless LAN and wireless internet access

Weak security features, roaming difficulties

Hotspot: access point(s) to provide max wireless coverage for an area

RFID - Radio Frequency identification

Tag with data and identification # with an antenna transmitting radio waves which are picked up by a RFID reader which decodes the data and transmits data to a host system - processes data

The Cloud

“commoditizing” key infrastructure

servers, data storage, and computing services accessed over the internet