Skeletal System

Skeletal System

the skeletal system fucntions as strucutral support for our tissues and organs

what is skeletal system amde of

bones cartilage tendons

Vertebrate skeleton

comprised of an endoskeleton

cartilage and bone

ligaments and tendons

cartilage

avascular connective tissue soft and flexible

bone

living connective tissue that is hard and strong

ligaments

bone to bone connection

tendons

muscle to bone connector

Bone functions

support of soft tissue

protection of internal organs

assistance in body movmenet

mineral storage

blood production

energy storage in form of adipose cells

endocrine regulation

Bone development stage mature

Lamellar bone is strong

spongy and compact type

Immature development bone

woven bone and weak

bone remodeling

bone is a living tissue

does not remain stagnant is constantly turned over to be removedel

the continuous process of both bone deposition and bone resorption, allowing the bones to adapt.

Axial Skeleton

Skull Ribcage and spine

Appendicular

everything but the skull spine and ribcage

Sutures

immovable joints

Movable Joints

Plane hinge candylar pivot ball socket saddle

Fibrous

no movment

Cartilagnious

same movement

synovial

ample or free movement

Origin

point of attachement of muscle

Insertion

Point of attachment of muscle to bone that moves

Plane (Gliding)

Sliding

Wrist ankle

Hinge

One Direction

Elbow Knee

Pivot

Rotation

NeckC

Condyloid

two planes

wrist

saddle

two planes + opposition

thunb

ball socket

all directions + rotation

shoulder hip

Osteoprogenitor

Differenties into osteoblast

Osteoblast

secrete collagen and organic compound

Osteocytes

Exchange nutrietns and materials with blood

Osteoclasts

destory bone matirx releasing mineral back to blood

Compact Bone

circular bone called lamellae

osteon

periosteum

haversion canal

volkmann canal

Spongy Bone

Yellow bone marrow

Bone and calcium

most of the Ca 2+ in body is stored as hydroxyapatte a type of calcium phosphate compound

ways born are made

Endochondral Ossificaiton or intramembranous ossification

fundamental structure unit of compact bone is

osteon

what is at the center of osteons

Haversian canal, which contains the blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that travel throughout the bone.

Lacunae

small spaces where osteocytes are located

lamellae

the circular areas of bone

canaliculi

what conencts the circular layers of bone allowing for the transfer of nutrients and wastes between osteocytes.

epiphyseal plate

located in the metaphysis and is the source of bone growth.

he epiphyseal plate is filled with many cartilage cells that can divide, making the bone longer.

endochondral ossification.

the cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells

epiphyseal line.

When the bone has finished growing in length, the epiphyseal plate is replaced

Endosteum

he thin vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of bones, known as the medullary cavity.

Yellow bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of long bones and serves as a source of energy via adipose cells.

Periosteum

Periosteum is the thin vascularized membrane that surrounds the outer surface of the bone. It contains osteoprogenitor and osteoblast cells for bone activity

Red bone marrow

Red bone marrow is found in the cavities of spongy bone and is involved in the production of red blood cells