reproductive system

what are the (three) functions of the reproductive system?

production of gametes via reproductive organs, development of secondary sex characteristics, and reproduction of offspring

gametes

sex cells

gonads

organs that produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

male gametes

spermatozoa

female gametes

ova

male gonads

testes

female gonads

ovaries

where are sperm produced?

testes

where are ova produced?

ovaries

female genetic sex

XX

male genetic sex

XY

male hormones

androgens (testosterone)

female hormones

estrogen and progesterone

male ducts

epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra

male glands

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral (cowper's) glands

the vas deferens is located between the ______________ and ________ _________.

epididymis; seminal vesicle

vas deferens function

propel live sperm from the epididymis

epididymis function

maturation site for sperm

sperm is propelled from the ___________ into the ____ ___________.

epididymis; vas deferens

ejacularoty ducts (epididymis + vas deferens) function

location for sperm to empty as it merges with the urethra

seminal vesicle function

produce seminal fluid (60% of ejaculate)

prostate gland location

inferior to the bladder

prostate gland function

produces prostate gland secretion

bulbourethral gland function

produce lubricating fluid released into penile urethra

what are the two muscle types of the scrotum?

outer dartos and inner cremaster

is the dartos muscle smooth or skeletal?

smooth

dartos muscle function

wrinkles the skin of the scrotum to reduce heat loss in cold weather

is the cremaster muscle smooth or skeletal?

skeletal

cremaster muscle function

contracts or relaxes in response to stimuli

what is erectile tissue made of?

corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa

what is removed during circumcision?

prepuce (foreskin)

seminiferous tubules function

produce sperm

fallopian tubes function

transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus

what is the widest portion of the fallopian tubes?

ampulla

infundibulum

funnel-shaped distal end of the oviduct

fimbrae

finger-like projections that catch ova to propel through the oviduct

fundus

superior dome-shaped part of the uterus

what is the interior body of the uterus called?

uterine cavity

the cervix opens into vagina via the external ___ or _______.

os;ostum

what is the uterus the site of?

menstruation, implantation of the fertilized ovum, and development of the fetus

what are the layers of the uterus from the deepest to the most superficial?

endomesium, myomesium, and perimetrium

which layer of the uterus sheds during menstruation?

endomesium

suspensory ligaments function

anchor ovaries to the body wall

broad ligament function

attach the uterus to the pelvic cavity on both sides

ovariam ligaments function

anchor ovaries to the uterus

t/f: oogenesis is linked to hormone cycles (~28 days)

true

what are hormones regulated by?

pituitary gland and hypothalamus

mons pubis

layer of fat over the pubic symphysis

clitorus

mass of erectile tissue

this thin tube transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

vas deferens

this gland, inferior to the bladder, produces a thick milky fluid that aids in the motility and viability of sperm.

bulbourethral gland

this paired gland, found attached to the posterior surface of the testes, is the site of sperm maturation.

epididymis

this paired gland, lateral to the vas deferens, produces a yellowish fluid that functions to protect the sperm, enhance its motility, and coagulate the semen post-ejaculation.

seminal vesicle

this anatomical structure is the narrow neck of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina inferiorly. It has a narrow canal running through it, connecting the cavity of the uterus to that of the vagina.

cervix

this paired set of tubes receives the oocyte from the ovary and provides a site for fertilization.

fallopian tubes

this anatomical structure is a fibromuscular tube that runs between the cervix and the vaginal orifice.

vagina