AP World 7.5-7.6 Vocab

Self-determination

The principle that peoples or nations have the right to freely choose their political status and determine their own form of government without outside interference.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gained independence from their colonizing powers, typically after World War II, as former colonial empires dismantled.

Big Three

David Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson, and George Clemenceau

Mandate System

A system established by the League of Nations after World War I, where former German and Ottoman territories were governed by European powers as mandates to guide these regions to eventual independence.

Ho Chi Minh

A Vietnamese revolutionary and communist leader who was the founder of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the struggle for Vietnamese independence from French colonial rule.

Pan Arabism

A political and cultural ideology advocating for the unity of Arab countries, based on shared language, culture, and history.

Balfour Declaration

A 1917 statement by the British government expressing support for the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine.

Palestine

A historical region in the Middle East significant for religious reasons and the center of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Zionists

Members of the Jewish nationalist movement, which advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Indian National Congress (INC)

A major political party in India, founded in 1885, that played a crucial role in the independence movement against British rule.

Mahatma Gandhi

The leader of the Indian independence movement, known for advocating non-violent civil disobedience.

Amritsar Massacre

A 1919 incident where British troops opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians, killing hundreds.

Satyagraha Movement

A non-violent resistance movement initiated by Gandhi, based on principles of truth and non-violence.

Civil Disobedience

A form of non-violent protest where individuals refuse to obey certain laws or government commands.

Mahatma

A title meaning 'great soul,' commonly associated with Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

Salt March

A key event in India’s independence movement in 1930, led by Gandhi against British salt taxes.

Ali Jinnah

The leader of the All-India Muslim League and the founder of Pakistan.

Two-State Solution

A proposed solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, advocating for two independent states.

Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

A concept promoted by Japan during World War II aimed at creating a self-sufficient bloc of Asian nations.

Manchukuo

A puppet state established by Japan in northeastern China in 1932 after the invasion of Manchuria.

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

The ruling communist party in China, founded in 1921, and led by figures like Mao Zedong.

Long March

A military retreat undertaken by the CCP in 1934-1935, becoming a symbol of Communist perseverance.

Pakistan

A country created in 1947 as a separate homeland for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent.

Nehru

The first Prime Minister of independent India and a key figure in the independence movement.

March 1st Movement

A major protest movement in 1919 by Koreans against Japanese colonial rule.

May 4th Movement

A 1919 movement in China that was a response to the Treaty of Versailles, leading to nationalism and modernization.

Kenyatta

The first Prime Minister and later President of Kenya, who led the independence struggle.

Senghor

The first President of Senegal and a leading proponent of the Negritude movement.

Hitler

The dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, responsible for the Holocaust.

Nazis/Nazism

Members of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and their ideology, characterized by extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism.

Weimar Republic

The democratic government of Germany from 1919 to 1933, facing political instability and economic hardship.

Mein Kampf

A book by Hitler outlining his political ideology and plans for Germany's future, including anti-Semitic views.

Reichstag

The legislative body of the German Empire, and later the Weimar Republic associated with the Reichstag Fire of 1933.

Scientific Racism

A pseudoscientific belief justifying racial superiority, used by Nazis to promote discrimination.

Anti-Semitism

Hostility or prejudice against Jews, central to Nazi ideology and leading to the Holocaust.

Nuremberg Laws

Racial laws enacted by Nazi Germany in 1935, institutionalizing anti-Semitic ideologies.

Axis Powers

The coalition of countries that fought against the Allies in World War II, including Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy.

Lebensraum

A Nazi policy meaning 'living space,' justifying territorial expansion into Eastern Europe.

Rome-Berlin Axis

A political and military alliance between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany formalized in 1939.

Anti-Comintern Pact

A treaty signed in 1936 between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan opposing communism.

Kristallnacht

A state-sponsored pogrom/attack against Jews in Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938, marking an escalation in anti-Semitic policies.

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor to avoid conflict, notably by Britain and France towards Nazi Germany.

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, signed in August 1939, stipulating mutual non-aggression between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Mukden Incident

A staged event by Japan in 1931 as a pretext for invading Manchuria.