Unit 2: Thinking and learning - Word formation

assumption (n)

(1) Something accepted as true without proof - Giả định. eg: His decisions were based on the wrong [______].

assuming (conj)

(1) Assuming that something is true - Giả định rằng. eg: [______] she’s correct, we can proceed.

unassuming (adj)

(1) Modest; not drawing attention - Khiêm tốn. eg: He’s an [______] man with great talent.

assumed (adj)

(1) Taken for granted without proof - Giả định. eg: The [______] facts were later proven wrong.

disbelieve (v)

(1) To not believe something - Không tin. eg: I [______] his story about what happened.

belief (n)

(1) A strong feeling that something is true - Niềm tin. eg: Her [______] in honesty guides her actions.

disbelief (n)

(1) Inability or refusal to accept that something is true or real - Sự hoài nghi. eg: His [______] was evident when he heard the news.

believer (n)

(1) A person who believes in something - Người tin tưởng. eg: He’s a strong [______] in equal rights.

unbeliever (n)

(1) A person who does not believe - Người không tin. eg: He’s an [______] in superstitions.

unbelievable (adj)

(1) Hard to believe - Khó tin. eg: The story was so [______] that no one trusted it.

believable (adj)

(1) Able to be believed; credible - Đáng tin. eg: Her explanation was quite [______].

disbelieving (adj)

(1) Showing disbelief - Tỏ ra không tin. eg: She gave him a [______] look.

unbelievably (adv)

(1) In a way that is hard to believe - Một cách khó tin. eg: The food was [______] good.

brilliance (n)

(1) Exceptional intelligence or talent - Sự xuất sắc. eg: The [______] of her ideas impressed everyone.

brilliantly (adv)

(1) In a very skillful or impressive way - Một cách xuất sắc. eg: He performed [______] during the concert.

conceptualise (v)

(1) To form a concept or idea of something - Hình thành ý tưởng. eg: The architect [______]d the new design.

concept (n)

(1) An abstract idea - Khái niệm. eg: The [______] of freedom is central to democracy.

conception (n)

(1) The way in which something is perceived or regarded - Sự nhận thức. eg: His [______] of justice was different from hers.

conceptual (adj)

(1) Related to or based on ideas - Thuộc về khái niệm. eg: This is a [______] artwork that challenges perceptions.

conceivable (adj)

(1) Capable of being imagined or grasped mentally - Có thể tưởng tượng được. eg: It is [______] that we may find life on other planets.

inconceivable (adj)

(1) Not capable of being imagined - Không thể tưởng tượng được. eg: The scale of the disaster was [______].

conceivably (adv)

(1) Possibly - Có thể. eg: [______], this plan could work if executed properly.

inconceivably (adv)

(1) In a way that is difficult to believe - Một cách không thể tưởng tượng nổi. eg: The situation became [______] complex.

confusion (n)

(1) A lack of understanding or clarity - Sự nhầm lẫn, mơ hồ. eg: There was some [______] about the schedule.

confused (adj)

(1) Unable to understand or think clearly - Bối rối, lúng túng. eg: She felt [______] by the complex instructions.

confusing (adj)

(1) Difficult to understand; causing confusion - Gây nhầm lẫn. eg: The new policy is [______] to many employees.

confusingly (adv)

(1) In a way that causes confusion - Một cách gây nhầm lẫn, khó hiểu. eg: The instructions were [______] written.

conviction (n)

(1) A firmly held belief or opinion - Niềm tin mãnh liệt. eg: She spoke with [______] about her ideas. (2) The act of declaring someone guilty of a crime - Sự kết án. eg: The jury's [______] of the defendant was unanimous.

convinced (adj)

(1) Completely certain about something - Tin chắc. eg: He was [______] that he was right. (2) Persuaded to believe something - Được thuyết phục. eg: She wasn’t initially [______] by the argument, but later agreed.

unconvinced (adj)

(1) Not persuaded or certain about something - Không bị thuyết phục. eg: He remained [______] by their promises.

convincing (adj)

(1) Capable of causing someone to believe that something is true or real - Có sức thuyết phục. eg: The lawyer’s arguments were very [______].

unconvincing (adj)

(1) Failing to persuade or convince - Không thuyết phục. eg: The explanation he gave was [______].

convincingly (adv)

(1) In a way that makes someone believe that something is true - Một cách thuyết phục. eg: She spoke [______] about the need for change.

unconvincingly (adv)

(1) In a way that fails to persuade or convince - Một cách không thuyết phục. eg: He explained his actions [______], leaving many doubts.

decision (n)

(1) A conclusion or resolution reached after consideration - Quyết định. eg: She made a quick [______] to leave the job. (2) The ability to decide quickly and effectively - Sự quyết đoán. eg: His [______] in difficult situations is impressive.

decider (n)

(1) The person who makes a decision - Người quyết định. eg: The coach is the final [______] on the team selection. (2) An event or action that decides the outcome of something - thứ quyết định. eg: The last match was the [______] of the tournament.

decisiveness (n)

(1) The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively - Sự quyết đoán. eg: Her [______] in the meeting was praised.

deciding (adj)

(1) Determining or having a significant effect on the outcome - Mang tính quyết định. eg: The [______] factor was her experience.

decisive (adj)

(1) Having or showing the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively - Quyết đoán. eg: He is known for his [______] leadership style. (2) Settling an issue; producing a definite result - Dứt khoát. eg: The battle was [______] in determining the war’s outcome.

indecisive (adj)

(1) Not able to make decisions quickly and effectively - Thiếu quyết đoán. eg: He was criticized for being [______] during the crisis.

decisively (adv)

(1) In a way that shows the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively - Một cách quyết đoán. eg: She acted [______] to resolve the issue.

indecisively (adv)

(1) In a way that shows an inability to make decisions quickly and effectively - Một cách thiếu quyết đoán. eg: He responded [______] to the questions.

definition (n)

(1) A statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase - Sự định nghĩa. eg: The dictionary provides clear [______]s of words.

defined (adj)

(1) Clearly characterized or identified - Được xác định rõ. eg: She has well-[______] goals for her career.

definitive (adj)

(1) Considered to be the best and most complete - Chung quyết, cuối cùng. eg: This is the [______] guide to the city’s history.

definitively (adv)

(1) In a way that is clear and cannot be questioned - Một cách dứt khoát. eg: The case was [______] closed.

indefinite (adj)

(1) Not fixed or limited; uncertain - Không xác định, mơ hồ. eg: He was given an [______] period of leave.

definite (adj)

(1) Clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful - Rõ ràng, dứt khoát. eg: We need a [______] answer by tomorrow.

indefinitely (adv)

(1) For an unlimited or unspecified period of time - Vô thời hạn. eg: The meeting was postponed [______].

definitely (adv)

(1) Without any doubt; certainly - Chắc chắn. eg: I will [______] attend the meeting.

doubter (n)

(1) A person who is skeptical or uncertain about something - Người hoài nghi. eg: The plan had many [______]s who were unsure of its success.

doubtful (adj)

(1) Feeling uncertain about something - Nghi ngờ. eg: He is [______] about whether he can finish the project on time. (2) Unlikely to happen or be true - Không chắc chắn. eg: It’s [______] that we will see any improvement soon.

doubtfully (adv)

(1) In a way that shows uncertainty or skepticism - Một cách nghi ngờ. eg: She looked at the plan [______], unsure of its feasibility.

undoubted (adj)

(1) Not questioned or doubted; certain - Không nghi ngờ. eg: She is the [______] leader of the group.

undoubtedly (adv)

(1) Without doubt; certainly - Chắc chắn. eg: He is [______] the best candidate for the job.

doubtless (adv)

(1) Without doubt; probably - Chắc chắn, có lẽ. eg: [______], the situation will improve with time.

explanation (n)

(1) A statement that makes something clear - Sự giải thích. eg: She gave a detailed [______] of the process.

explanatory (adj)

(1) Intended to explain or make something clear - Có tính giải thích. eg: There is an [______] note at the bottom of the page.

unexplained (adj)

(1) Not explained or accounted for - Không được giải thích. eg: The reason for his absence remains [______].

explicable (adj)

(1) Able to be explained or understood - Có thể giải thích được. eg: His actions are [______] given the circumstances.

inexplicable (adj)

(1) Unable to be explained or understood - Không thể giải thích được. eg: The disappearance remains an [______] mystery.

inexplicably (adv)

(1) In a way that cannot be explained or understood - Một cách không thể giải thích được. eg: She was [______] late to the meeting.

imagination (n)

(1) The ability to form mental images or concepts of things not present to the senses - Trí tưởng tượng. eg: His [______] helped him create the novel. (2) The ability to think of new and original ideas - Khả năng sáng tạo. eg: Innovation requires a great deal of [______].

imaginings (n)

(1) Thoughts or fantasies that are imagined but not real - Những điều tưởng tượng. eg: His [______] often took him to faraway places.

imaginary (adj)

(1) Existing only in the mind; not real - Tưởng tượng, không có thực. eg: The dragon is an [______] creature in folklore.

unimaginative (adj)

(1) Lacking in creativity or originality - Thiếu sáng tạo. eg: The film was dull and [______].

imaginative (adj)

(1) Having or showing creativity or inventiveness - Sáng tạo. eg: She is an [______] writer with unique ideas.

unimaginatively (adv)

(1) In a way that lacks creativity or originality - Một cách thiếu sáng tạo. eg: The project was carried out [______].

imaginatively (adv)

(1) In a way that shows creativity or inventiveness - Một cách sáng tạo. eg: The story was [______] told.

judgement/judgment (n)

(1) The ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions - Sự đánh giá, phán xét. eg: His [______] in the case was questioned by many. (2) A decision of a court or judge - Phán quyết. eg: The [______] was in favor of the defendant.

judiciary (n)

(1) The system of courts that interprets and applies the law - Hệ thống tư pháp. eg: The [______] plays a crucial role in upholding the constitution.

judiciousness (n)

(1) The quality of being wise and careful in making decisions - Sự khôn ngoan, thận trọng. eg: His [______] saved the company from making a bad investment.

judicious (adj)

(1) Having or showing good judgment - Khôn ngoan, sáng suốt. eg: It was a [______] decision to delay the meeting.

judicial (adj)

(1) Relating to the administration of justice or the function of a judge - Thuộc về tư pháp. eg: The [______] system must be fair and impartial.

judgemental/judgmental (adj)

(1) Having or displaying an overly critical point of view - Phê phán, chỉ trích. eg: Her [______] attitude alienated her friends.

judiciously (adv)

(1) In a way that shows good judgment - Một cách khôn ngoan, sáng suốt. eg: The resources were allocated [______].

illogical (adj)

(1) Lacking sense or clear, sound reasoning - Phi lý, vô lý. eg: It’s [______] to make such a decision without considering all the facts.

logical (adj)

(1) According to or using the principles of logic - Hợp lý, logic. eg: It is [______] to assume that she will come to the meeting. (2) Characterized by clear, sound reasoning - Có lý, hợp lý. eg: His argument was very [______] and convincing.

illogically (adv)

(1) In a way that lacks clear, sound reasoning - Một cách vô lý. eg: He acted [______] when he ignored all the warnings.

logically (adv)

(1) In a way that shows clear, sound reasoning - Một cách hợp lý. eg: She [______] concluded that the project would fail.

opinionated (adj)

(1) Holding strong opinions that are not easily changed - Cứng đầu, bảo thủ. eg: She is so [______] that she rarely listens to others.

rationalise (v)

(1) To attempt to explain or justify with logical reasons - Hợp lý hóa. eg: She tried to [______] her decision to quit her job. (2) To make a business or system more efficient by reorganizing it - Tái tổ chức để hiệu quả hơn. eg: The company [______]d its operations to reduce costs.

rationalisation (n)

(1) The action of attempting to explain or justify something with logical reasons - Sự hợp lý hóa. eg: His [______] of the problem didn’t convince anyone. (2) The process of reorganizing a business or system to make it more efficient - Quá trình tái tổ chức để hiệu quả hơn. eg: The [______] of the company led to many layoffs.

rationalist (n)

(1) A person who bases their opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response - Người theo chủ nghĩa duy lý. eg: As a [______], he preferred facts over faith.

rationalism (n)

(1) The practice or principle of basing opinions and actions on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response - Chủ nghĩa duy lý. eg: [______] shaped much of the philosophy of the Enlightenment.

rationality (n)

(1) The quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic - Tính hợp lý. eg: The decision was praised for its [______].

irrationality (n)

(1) The quality of being illogical or unreasonable - Sự phi lý. eg: His actions were driven by [______] rather than reason.

rationally (adv)

(1) In a way that is based on or in accordance with reason or logic - Một cách hợp lý. eg: She explained her decision [______].

irrationally (adv)

(1) In a way that is not logical or reasonable - Một cách phi lý. eg: She reacted [______] to the situation.

reasoning (n)

(1) The action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way - Sự suy luận, lý luận. eg: His [______] was based on the available evidence.

reasonableness (n)

(1) The quality of being fair and sensible - Sự hợp lý. eg: The [______] of his argument was evident.

reasonable (adj)

(1) Fair and sensible; based on good judgment - Hợp lý, có lý. eg: It’s [______] to assume that he’ll be late. (2) (of prices) Not too high - (Giá cả) Phải chăng. eg: The store offers [______] prices.

unreasonable (adj)

(1) Not fair or sensible - Không hợp lý, vô lý. eg: It’s [______] to expect perfect weather all the time.

reasoned (adj)

(1) Based on careful thought and logic - Có lý do, có cân nhắc. eg: He presented a [______] argument in favor of the proposal.

reasonably (adv)

(1) in a satisfactory way - một cách chấp nhận được. eg: The team performed [______] well under the circumstances. (2) using good judgment - hợp lý. eg: Stop shouting and let's discuss this [______]. (3) at a price that is not too expensive - (giá cả) phải chăng. eg: You can eat out very [______] these days.

unreasonably (adv)

(1) In a way that is not fair or sensible - Một cách vô lý. eg: The demands were [______] high.

sanity (n)

(1) The ability to think and behave in a normal and rational manner; sound mental health - Sự tỉnh táo, minh mẫn. eg: His [______] was questioned after the incident.

insanity (n)

(1) The state of being seriously mentally ill; madness - Sự điên cuồng, sự mất trí. eg: He was found not guilty by reason of [______].

insanely (adv)

(1) In a manner that suggests a state of mind that is not normal or rational - Một cách điên cuồng. eg: He drove [______] fast down the winding road.

sanely (adv)

(1) In a way that shows sound mental health; rationally - Một cách tỉnh táo, hợp lý. eg: She spoke [______] and calmly during the discussion.