9 Politics and Power

ideology

any set of beliefs which, to the people who hold them appear to be logical and 'natural'

implicature

something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed

slogan

a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising

euphemism

a word or phrase used to avoid saying another word or phrase that may be unpleasant or offensive

metaphor

a figure of speech that directly refers to one thing by mentioning another

simile

a figure of speech that directly compares by highlighting the similarities using "like", "as", "so"

figure of speech

a literary device in which language is used in an unusual — or "figured" — way

passive

where the patient is expressed as the Subject of a clause

active

where the agent is expressed as the Subject of a clause

agent

a semantic role that indicates the 'doer' of an action described by the verb in a clause

patient

a semantic role that indicates the 'undergoer' of a situation in a sentence or clause

jargon

the specialised terminology associated with a particular field or area of activity

mass media

a diverse array of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication

tabloid

a newspaper with a smaller format, typically popular in style and dominated by sensational stories

broadsheet

a newspaper with a large format, regarded as more serious

construal

where a situation or idea is presented in one particular way among alternatives; 'half full', 'half empty'

semantic role

the participant role that an element plays in the situation described by a sentence or clause

foregrounded

where a particular linguistic feature 'stands out' or is 'highlighted'

manipulation

the use of devious means to exploit, control, or otherwise influence others to one's advantage

discourse

spoken or written discussion

representation

the description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way