Lab 2 Exam Bone Markings and Features

how many bones in the human body

206, 300 in newborns

what groups are the bones divided into

axial and appendicular

axial skeleton

long axis of the body

what bones are part of axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, ribs

appendicular skeleton

bones of upper and lower limbs

what bones are part of appendicular skeleton

legs, arms, girdles attaching limbs to axial skeleton

3 types of bone markings

projection, depression, opening

projection

outward bulge of bone, may be from increased stress from muscle pull or modification of joints

depression

bowl or groove like cut out that can serve as passageways for vessels and nerves, can play a role in joints

opening

hole or canal in bone that serves as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process

surfaces that help to form joints

head, facet, condyle

depressions and openings

groove, fissure, foramen, notch, meatus, sinus, fossa

tuberosity

large rounded projection, may be roughened

crest

narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

trochanter

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

where are trochanters found

only in the femur

line

narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

tubercle

small rounded projection or process

epicondyle

raised area on or above a condyle

spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

process

any bone prominence

head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular (joint) surface

condyle

rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa

groove

furrow

fissure

narrow, slit like opening

foramen

round or oval opening through a bone

notch

indentation at the edge of a structure

meatus

canal like passageway

sinus

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

fossa

shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface