BISC 1303 Test 3 Key Terms
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14 Terms
Apoptosis
Programmed Cell Death
Diploid
A cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)
Genome
The total genetic information of a cell or organism
Haploid
A cell, nucleus, or organism contains one set of chromosomes (n)
Oncogene
A mutated version of a normal gene involved in the cell cycle—can lead to cancer
Proto-oncogene
A normal gene involved in the cell cycle that, when mutated, becomes an oncogene
Sister chromatids
Two connected identical copies of a chromosome
Crossover
The exchange of genetic material between homologous (non-sister) chromatids, resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
Tetrad
Two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together during prophase I
Codominance
The complete and simultaneous expression of both alleles in a heterozygote
Continuous variation
An inheritance pattern in which a trait/phenotype shows a range of values
Epistasis
An antagonistic interactions between genes such that one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another
Genotype
The underlying genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
The observable traits expressed by an organism