cell division phases

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Last updated 10:02 PM on 5/24/26
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21 Terms

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mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, used for growth and tissue repair
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meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells, used to produce gametes (sperm and egg)
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interphase
period of cell growth and dna replication before division begins
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g1 phase
first growth stage where the cell grows larger, copies organelles, and makes molecular building blocks
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s phase
the synthesis stage where the cell replicates a complete copy of its dna in the nucleus
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g2 phase
second growth stage where the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and prepares for division
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prophase
chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down
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prometaphase
nuclear envelope completely disappears and spindle fibers attach to chromosome kinetochores
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metaphase
chromosomes line up perfectly along the middle of the cell
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anaphase
sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers to opposite sides of the cell
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telophase
nuclear envelopes reform around the two new sets of chromosomes, which begin to uncoil
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cytokinesis
the cytoplasm divides, splitting the original cell into two distinct daughter cells
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prophase I
homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads and cross over to exchange genetic material
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metaphase I
pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
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anaphase I
homologous chromosome pairs are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
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telophase I
nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromosome sets, followed by cytokinesis to create two haploid cells
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prophase II
chromosomes condense again and new spindle fibers form in the two haploid cells
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metaphase II
chromosomes line up individually along the middle of the cell
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anaphase II
sister chromatids are finally pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
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telophase II
nuclear membranes reform around the four sets of distinct chromosomes, followed by cytokinesis to create four unique haploid cells
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