WBC - CBC

platelet structure:

what are the (3) types of granules?

-alpha: proteins (Fb, V, vWF, PF4, PDGF

-dense: ions (ADP/ATP, Ca, serotonin

-lysosomes (hydrolases)

summary:

Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

-large, adhesive glycoprotein essential for blood clotting

-glue that helps platelets adhere to tissue

summary:

thrombopoietin

-glycoprotein hormone

-produced by the liver and kidneys

-master regulator of platelet production

where else is thrombopoietin made?

-spleen

-liver

-lung

(bone marrow, ofc)

most basic fx cascade

adhesion → aggregation → secretion

basic relationship:

theombopoeitin & platelets

dec in plt, inc in thrombopoietin

where are platelet clumps generally seen on blood smears?

-body

-feathered edge (particularly larger clumps)

max #:

platelets/100x oil

25-35

what is the general growth/movt of megakaryocytes?

cytoplasm → proplatlets → platelets

lifespan:

platelets

5-9 d in circhow

how are platelets removed?

-macrophages in spleen, liver

-can be used in vessel walls

how much of the spleen is circulating platelet mass?

30-40%

what (2) things can cause throbocytosis?

-adrenaline

-splenic congestion

most common cause:

thrombocytopenia

-platelet clumping

qualitative:

monolayer of blood smear

-platelet estimation

-morphologic evaluation

Qualitative:

Body of blood smear

-platelet clumps will often be found here

Qualitative:

Feathered edge of blood smear

– Large clumps of platelets will be found here

-normal platelet count

– Platelet clumping

-thrombocytopenia

-large platelets (generally more immature)

summary:

Ehrlichiosis

-tick borne

-Aus: brown tick Ehrlichia canis

-destruction of WBC/RBC/platelets

-doxycycline

causes:

thrombocytosis

-rxn: infla, blood loss, neoplasia

-splenectomy

-adrenaline

what is a RARE cause of thrombocytosis

-essential thrombocythaemia (bone marrow neoplasm)

what does a contraindication of bone marrow sampling mean?

-conditions exist that make the procedure unsafe or inadvisable because they increase the risk of serious complications

contraindication:

bone marrow sampling

-acute bleeding due to hemostatic disorder

-hemorrhage control post sample

what is not a contraindication of bone marrow sampling?

-thrombocytopenia

Went to do a bone marrow biopsy?

-if that BMA has poor cellular structure

-if the bone is of what is of interest

What is important to know about bone marrow biopsy?

-so your morphology is affected by fixation

cytology:

Bone marrow aspirate

-clinical pathology

Histopathology:

Bone marrow biopsy

-anatomic pathology

bone marrow sampling:

which is better for cell morph quality?

-BMA

bone marrow sampling:

which is better for general better quality (architecture, cellularity, iron stores)

-bone marrow biopsy

non-hematopoetic cells in bone marrow (5)

-some stromal cells

< 1% marcos

1-10% small mature lymphocytes

1% plasma cells

-rare osteoblasts & clasts