Virus

8 charecterstics of life

Cells, Genetic material, Drow/devolope, evolve, metabolism, Reproduce, Respond to stimuli, Homeostasis

What charecterstics of life do viruses have?

Can evolve, and have gentic material

Envelope GLYCOPROTEINS

“Spikes”

recognition (“name tag”) and binding to the host cell’s receptor proteins on its membrane

Capsid

• protective protein coating to protect genetic material

• Helps to bind the virus to a cell’s surface and assists the penetration of the viral DNA or RNA into a suitable host cell

• transfer between virus and host cell

Nucleic Acid

“Genetic info”

Etheir DNA or RNA, never both

• Carries genes necessary to invade host cell and redirect that cell’s activity to make new viruses

Naked

• Viruses that consist only of a capsid

Lytic cycle

Active infection

• reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses until the cell is completely filled.

  • Viruses then burst out of the cell

  • Results in cell death.

Lysogenic cycle

Dormant infection

• Virus affects bacteria in host cell, bacteria spreads to other cells, then burst

  • It can remain this way for an extended period.

  • The host cell lives longer.

Adsorption

binding of virus to receptor proteins on host cell membrane

Penetration

host cell membrane gives way for virus or viral genome entry

Uncoating

the viral nucleic acid is released from the capsid

Synthesis

viral components are produced by the host cell

Assembly

new viral particles are constructed

Release

assembled viruses are released by exocytosis or cell lysis

antrival medication

Boost immune system

Block receptors

Lower the viral load.

exocytosis

• nucleocapsid binds to membrane which pinches off and sheds the viruses gradually; cell is not immediately destroyed

Lysis

• nonenveloped and complex viruses released when cell dies and ruptures

Envoloped

• have a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid.

endocytosis

 entire virus is engulfed and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

fusion

Envelope merges directly with membrane resulting in nucleocapsid’s entry into cytoplasm

Lipids location

Envolope

Protiens locations

Outer capsid

Carbohydrate location

Glycoprotiens

Envolope

Outer lipid layer that protects capsid and genetic material