Brewer and Treyens

Aim

To investigate the role of schema in the encoding and retrieval of episodic memory, specifically how prior experiences influence memory for new information.

What was the sample used in the study?

University psychology students.

What setting was the room designed to look like?

An office

What type of items were present in the office room designed for the study?

Both schema-consistent and schema-inconsistent items, omitting some typical office items.

Where were ppts seated?

At a standardised vantage point

How long were participants exposed to the room containing the objects?

35 seconds.

What were the conditions used for measuring recall in the study?

Written recall and verbal recognition, drawing recall, and verbal recognition only.

What did the findings suggest about participant recall of objects?

Participants remembered more schema-consistent objects and often failed to recall schema-inconsistent objects.

How did participants modify their recall of objects according to the findings?

Participants modified object details to align with their schema.

What conclusion can be drawn about the influence of schema on memory?

Schema influences both encoding and retrieval of episodic memory

What type of items are more likely to be recalled?

Schema-congruent items

(+) What is a positive evaluation of the study's methodology?

High reliability due to standardised procedure such as fixed seating and exposure time.

(-) What is a negative evaluation regarding the generalisability of the study's findings?

Low generalisability due to participant extraneous variables and lack of control over pre-existing schemas.

(-) What ethical concern was raised in the study?

Deception occurred, meaning participants weren't aware of the true purpose at the start of the study.