AP World review!

Feudalism

Decentralized government based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty

Neo-Confucianism

Revitalized form of confucianism blended with daoist/Buddhist philosophy. Social harmony, valued hard work, patriarchal but respectful of women, ethics rather than God/nature.

Diasporic communities

Settlement of ethnic people in a location other than their homeland

Gunpowder empires

empires which relied on gunpowder weapons to expand and consolidate their empire, like Ottoman empire, Mughal empire, Safavid empire, Qing dynasty

Protestant reformation

Due to Martin Luther’s spreading ideas of Roman Catholic church corruption, protestant reformation split Christianity focused on faith and scripture alone

Catholic Reformation

In response to protestant complaints, catholics reformed corruption while also defending their original doctrine

Sikhism

Blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines, belief in one god, cycle of reincarnation, discarded gender heirarchies/caste system

Sunni Muslim

Belief that anyone could be spiritually fit to be muhhamads successor (Ottoman Empire)

Shi’a Muslim

Belief that only blood relatives of Muhammad can be the only successors (Safavid Empire)

Caravel

Portugese ship, smaller, faster, navigate better

Encomienda system

Used by Spanish which forced indigenous Americans to provide labor in exchange for food and protection

Joint Stock Companies

A limited liability business funded by private investors- investors could only lose what they invested

Mercantilism

State driven economic system which characterized imperial European states- saw world’s wealth like a pie and wanted the largest amount of gold and silver by maximizing exports and minimizing imports

Nationalism

Ideology establishing nation-state as focus of individual loyalty, asserting that political and national processes should be congruent