Endocrine System - Hypothalamus

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Last updated 1:17 AM on 4/8/26
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9 Terms

1
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Which hormones does the Hypothalamus (anterior and posterior) produce?

  • Anterior pituitary: produces releasing hormones that stimulate the secretion of separate hormones

  • Also produces inhibiting hormones

  • Posterior pituitary: Produces oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) that is transported via neurons and is stored in the posterior pituitary

<ul><li><p><strong>Anterior pituitary: </strong>produces <strong>releasing hormones</strong> that stimulate the secretion of separate hormones </p></li><li><p>Also produces <strong>inhibiting hormones</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Posterior pituitary</strong>: Produces <strong>oxytocin </strong>and <strong>ADH</strong> (Antidiuretic Hormone) that is transported via neurons and is stored in the posterior pituitary</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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List the Anterior Pituitary Hormones and their functions (FLAT PiG)

  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

    • Stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and testes

  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

    • Causes development of corpus luteum and secretion of testosterone

  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

    • Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

    • Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxin

  • Prolactin

    • Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after birth

  • Growth Hormone (GH)

    • Promotes growth in all body tissues

3
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List the Posterior Pituitary Hormones and their functions

  • Oxytocin

    • Causes contraction of uterus

    • Milk from mammary glands

  • ADH (vasopressin)

    • Increases water reabsorption in the kidney

4
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What is the Thyroid gland controlled by?

  • Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary

<ul><li><p>Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone <strong>(TRH)</strong></p></li><li><p>Thyroid stimulating hormone <strong>(TSH)</strong> from the anterior pituitary</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What are the functions of Thyroxin?

  • Increase of metabolic rate

  • Increase of breakdown of fats and carbohydrates

  • Increase of protein synthesis

  • Maintenance of body temperature

  • Stimulation of growth of the nervous and skeletal system

6
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What hormone does the Thyroid gland release in response to rising blood calcium levels?

  • Calcitonin

7
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What are Calcitonin’s Functions?

  • Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

    • Redirects these calcium and phosphate into the bone matrix

  • Limits the absorption and reabsorption of calcium

  • Inhibits osteoclast activity (bone resorption)

<ul><li><p>Lowers <strong>blood calcium </strong>and <strong>phosphate </strong>levels</p><ul><li><p><strong>Redirects</strong> these <strong>calcium </strong>and <strong>phosphate </strong>into the <strong>bone matrix</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Limits the <strong>absorption </strong>and <strong>reabsorption </strong>of <strong>calcium</strong></p></li><li><p>Inhibits <strong>osteoclast activity </strong>(bone resorption)</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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What hormone does the Parathyroid glands release in response to decreasing blood calcium levels?

  • Parathormone (PTH)

<ul><li><p><strong>Parathormone (PTH)</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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What are Parathormone’s functions?

  • Increases blood calcium levels by:

    • Releasing calcium and phosphate from the bone

    • Increases the absorption of calcium in the kidney and intestines