Water And Seawater Part 1

Water Facts

-Has the ability to store and release great amounts of heat

-Moisture constantly changes states from (solid to liquid to gas and back again)

-Amount of water on Earth = ~37 bullion cubic km (~329 million cubic miles)

Amount of moisture on earth is considered finite

Distribution of Water

Ocean 97.5%

Glazers 215%

Ground water .62%

Freshwater lakes .009%

Saline lake and inland seas .008%

Soil Moisture .005%

Atmosphere .001%

Stream Channels .0001%

What is the Hydrologic Cycle

The continous circulation of Earth’s water supply

What does the Hydrologic Cycle do?

-Recycle water among oceans, atmosphere and land

-Water is in a continual motion between water reservoirs

-Processes affect seawater salinity

What does an Atom Consist of?

Consist of protons +, Neurons -+, & electrons-

What is a Molecule

A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds

How do chemical bonds form?

Chemical bonds form when electrons are shared or traded between atoms

What is a Water Molecule composed of?

1 Oxygen Atom

2 Hydrogen Atoms

What are Covalent Bonds?

Strong chemical bonds that share electrons as seen in water molecules

What does the term dipolar mean?

When a molecule has a negative & positive end as also seen in water molecue

What does the term Hydrogen Bonds mean and how are they seen in water molecules?

When a hydrogen atoms forms a bond with another atom and how it relates to water molecules is the positive end of a water molecule bonds with the negative end another water molecule

What is Cohesion?

Ability of water molecule to stick to each other

What is Surface Tension?

Water’s surface forms a thin ‘skin’ due to cohesion

Adhesions

The tendency of water molecule to stick to other substances making them ‘wet’

Capillary Adhesions

Water is drawn upward, as seen by a wet paper towel

How is water a universal solvent?

Due to its Dipolar nature, water separates substances due to its positive and negative ends pulling apart other molecules

What is Heat?

energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature going form high to low temp.

What is temperature?

-Measurement of how mast molecules vibrate

-An objects resonce to input or removal of heat

What is Heat Capacity?

Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius

Which of the following takes longer to heat up: sand, water, or granite?

Water takes about 1.0 specific heat, taking much longer to heat up while quartz sand and granite take about .19 to heat up

What is Density?

Mass per unit volume (g/cm2)

How does the density of water change as temperature changes?

Generally as temperature decrease the density increases

Why does water expand when it freezes?

Water molecules form open, hexagons shaped ice crystals (Expands 9%), Wh

Why do ice cubes float?

Water is denser than ice

Water Density =1

Ice density = .917

Physical States of Water

Solid = .917 Density

Liquid = ~1.0 Density

Gas = .051 Density

What are the three phases of water

Liquid

Solid

Gas

What is Latent Heat?

The amount of heat abosrbed or released during a change in state

What is a Calorie?

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius

Evaporation

When water droplets absorb heat & evaporate water vapor will store heat

How does evaporation affect the ocean?

Cools sea surface temp.

Condensation

Water vapor release heat to form water droplets

What happens to the air temperature when it rains?

Gets warmer because condensation releases heat into the atmosphere

Melting

Ice absorbs heat to melt

What affect does melting have?

Takes heat away from the atmosphere therefore Atmosphere cools

Freezing

Water releases heat to form ice

What affect does freezing have?

The air gets warmer

Heat is released into the atmosphere when it snows as sea ice forms!

What are Thermostatic Effects?

Properties that act to moderate change in temp. which in turn affects climate

What are two changes in climate that affect global temperature?

Evaporation vs. Condensation

What makes life possible on Earth?

Exchange of latent heat between Ocean & atmosphere helps make life possible

What is the marine vs. continental effect? How does this affect Ventura?

The marine vs continental effect is when location near the marine see colder temp. due to the ocean that is near them with the high heat capacity while continental areas furthest from bodys of water making them much hotter.

Ventura sees less hotter days compared to Mid West Texas as Ventura is close to the Pacific oean

What factors affect weather & climate?

Heat Capacity of water vs land