Bio Chap 6

Prokaryotic cells

mainly bacteria, no organelles within the cell

Eukaryotic cell

includes plants, and animals

more complex with organells within the cell

Organelle functions (general)

interaction with the environment

energy and matter transformation

genetic information storage and transmission (reproduction, synthesis, movement)

Interacting with the environment - organelles

(transport in and out of the cell)

cell membrane (phospholipids and proteins)

• selectively permeable

• take material and convert to energy

Membrane protein

• transport

• enzymes

• signal transduction

• cell-cell recognition

• attachment to cytoskeleton

• extracellular membrane

energy and matter transformation (organelles)

mitochondria, and chloroplasts

mitochondria

for animals

cellular respiration

glucose + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + energy

smooth outer membrane, inner membrane folded into cristae

Chloroplasts

for plants

contains chlorophyll, Thylakoids (membranous sacs), stroma (internal fluid)

photosynthesis (plants make energy from sunlight)

energy(sun) + H2O + CO2 —> glucose +O2

Genetic information storage (organelles)

nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles

Nucleus

genetic information storage

• DNA arranged in chromosomes

• genes = instructions to make protein

• DNA makes RNA makes PROTEIN

Ribosomes

made of RNA and protein

build protein in cytosol (free ribosomes) and the outside of endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

synthesis of proteins

contains ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs (especially in the liver)

Golgi apparatus

processing, packaging and transport of molecules

transportation process of cells = secretion

Vacuoles (vesicles)

bag of materials inside of the cell

large vesicles that COME FROM ER + Golgi

perform a lot of functions in a lot of cells (lysosomes, peroxisomes, water vacuoles in plants)