eukaryotic gene regulation

The process allowing multi cellular organisms to express genes differently in different cells is :

Differential gene expression

All cells of a multicellular organism have the __________ genome/DNA but a __________ proteome .

Same; Different

What is a proteome ?

A set of proteins

Liver cells and skin cells have the same _______ but different ________ are expressed

DNA; genes

The process of cellular differentiation is a direct result of :

Differential gene expression

Eukaryotes can regulate gene expression by modifying the structure if their ________

Chromatin

Recall: Chromatin are _________ packed /coiled nucleosomes ( DNA wrapped around units of 8 histone proteins)

Loosely

In order to control transcription modifications need to happen to :

Histone proteins or DNA sequence

What type of chromatin has a condensed region of genome with low transcriptional activity ?

Heterochromatin

What type of chromatin has a lightly packed region of genome with high transcriptional activity & histone /DNA modifications?

Euchromatin

Which chromatin is transcribed?

Euchromatin

Histone proteins contain long polypeptide ____ that can be chemically modified by ________________.

Tail; cellular enzymes

Acetylation is the addition of :

An acetyl group

Histone acetylation _________ chromatin ____________ forming euchromatin

Loosens; Structure

Histone acetylation is associated with

Activate transportation in that region, RNA polymerase can easily interact with DNA

Most common DNA modification is:

Methylation

Transcriptional repression by methylation of DNA involves the methylation of which nucleotide ?

Cytosine

What does DNA methylation affect the process of transcription?

It prevents transcription by blocking RNA polymerase access to the promoter

What causes transcription to be increased for a specific gene

Histones in that region are acetylated