The Cold War Begins: Social and Cultural Tensions and the Great Depression

These flashcards cover key concepts from social and cultural tensions during the early 20th century, the Great Depression, and important historical figures and events.

An example of the clash of values in the 1920s was the tension between __________ and Christian fundamentalism.

modernism

Modernism emphasized __________ and secular values.

science

Fundamentalism emphasized __________ values and taught the literal truth of the Christian Bible.

religious

Urban people saw __________ education as essential to getting a good job.

formal

In rural areas, 'book learning' was less highly __________.

valued

The __________ became a battleground for fundamentalist and modernist values in the 1925 Scopes Trial.

education

Tennessee made it illegal to teach __________ in public schools.

evolution

John Scopes challenged the law against teaching __________ in Tennessee.

evolution

The defense attorney Clarence Darrow tried to use science to cast doubt on __________ beliefs.

religious

The Scopes Trial illustrated a major cultural and religious __________.

division

Many Americans recognized the importance of __________ to U.S. history.

immigration

Nativists feared that immigrants took jobs away from __________ workers.

native-born

After World War I, the __________ increased distrust of immigrants.

Red Scare

In 1919, the __________ Amendment, which banned the making, distributing, or selling of alcohol, became part of the Constitution.

Eighteenth

The __________ Act enabled the government to enforce Prohibition.

Volstead

Prohibition contributed to the growth of __________ crime in every major city.

organized

Al Capone took control of the Chicago liquor business by __________ off his competition.

killing

Prohibition’s fate was sealed by the government, which failed to budget enough money to enforce the __________.

law

By the mid-1920s, only __________ of Americans supported Prohibition.

19%

The __________ Amendment finally repealed Prohibition in 1933.

21st

A Flapper embraced new fashions and urban __________ during the 1920s.

attitudes

Women entered the workplace as nurses, teachers, librarians, and __________.

secretaries

American birthrates declined for several decades before the __________.

1920s

Birth control clinics opened, and the American Birth Control League was founded in __________.

1921

Marriage during the 1920s was based on __________ love.

romantic

In Harlem, 200,000 African Americans mixed with __________ from Caribbean islands.

immigrants

Jazz was a kind of music based on __________ that grew out of African American blues and ragtime.

improvisation

The Harlem Renaissance created a sense of group __________ and solidarity among African Americans.

identity

The 1928 presidential election included Herbert Hoover (R) running against __________ (D).

Al Smith

On Black Tuesday (October 29, __________), a record number of shares were sold.

1929

The Great Depression was the most severe economic downturn in the nation’s history, lasting from __________ until 1941.

1929

Unemployment during the Great Depression reached __________ million people or 25% of the labor force by 1932.

12

The Great Depression began with the __________ Crash.

Stock Market

The ripple effect of the crash included risky business loans that hurt __________.

banks

By 1932, the GNP dropped from $103 billion in 1929 to just __________ billion in 1933.

$56

Economic decline in Europe was exacerbated by the U.S. stop of investments, affecting countries like __________ and France.

Britain

An unstable economy and overspeculation in the stock market made a rapid recovery __________.

impossible

The Federal Reserve's cut in __________ rates contributed to the Great Depression.

interest

The first atomic bomb was tested after the letter from __________ in 1939.

Einstein

FDR ordered General Douglas MacArthur to fall back, promising, 'I shall __________.'

return

The Bataan Death March saw prisoners of war being __________ and forced to walk for days.

mistreated