Required docs and court cases

Federalist #10

A notable essay written by James Madison that examines the risks posed by factions, arguing that a large republic can dilute the influence of these factions and protect the rights of citizens. (avoid tyranny of majority)

Federalist #51

An essay by James Madison highlighting the necessity of separation of powers and checks and balances in government, designed to safeguard against tyranny and ensure liberty.

Declaration of Independence

The formal statement drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that declared the American colonies' separation from British rule, outlining their grievances and principles of individual rights.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, collectively safeguarding individual liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial.

Article I

The section of the Constitution establishing the Legislative Branch, which comprises the Senate and House of Representatives, outlining their powers and responsibilities.

Article II

The part of the Constitution that delineates the powers of the Executive Branch, primarily the President, including responsibilities such as enforcing laws and conducting foreign policy.

Article III

The segment of the Constitution that creates the Judiciary Branch, defining the structure and powers of the Supreme Court and lower courts.

Articles of Confederation

The United States' first constitution, which was ratified in 1781 and primarily granted power to state governments, leading to inefficiencies and a call for a stronger federal framework.

Brutus I

An influential Anti-Federalist essay presenting arguments against the ratification of the Constitution, expressing concerns about the expansion of federal power and the potential erosion of state authority.

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court's decision establishing judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate legislation that conflicts with the Constitution, reinforcing the rule of law.

McCulloch v. Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case affirming the supremacy of the national government over state governments and supporting the implied powers of Congress through a broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Gibbons v. Ogden

A significant Supreme Court ruling that clarified the extent of Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce, affirming federal authority over state regulations.

US v. Lopez

A pivotal Supreme Court case that limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause by ruling that the Gun-Free School Zones Act exceeded federal authority, thus preserving the principle of federalism.

Article V

The Amendment process: ⅔ of Congress is needed to propose an amendment, ¾ of states are needed to ratify an amendment

US Constitution

a document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the US government, the tasks these institutions perform, and the relationships among them. Replaced the AoC