Medieval World

what was Mecca before islam?

center for polytheistic worship and trade

What was mecca after islam?

holiest site in islam

muslims pray facing mecca

where did the umayyad expand to?

spain—>north africa—>Middle east

what did the umayyad have success from?

strong military, weakened enemies, organized administration.

how did Islam spread?

trade, missionaires, lower taxes for muslims, cultural blending

what did the Islamic world stay connected through?

arabic language, religion, trade, scholarship

what was the sunni?

leader chosen by community

what was the shia?

leader should descend from muhammad through ali

who was mansa musa?

ruler of mali empire, damous for wealth and pilgrimage to mecca

what was the gold-salt trade?

west Africa, salt=Sahara desert, gold=south

what are effects of Swahili coast?

spread of Islam, swahilli language, cultural blending

what is syncretism?

mixing cultures or religions

what goods came from the Indian ocean trade?

spices, silk, gold

what places did the Indian ocean trade connect?

east africa, India, china, Middle east

what does Dar al-islam mean?

house of islam

what were risks of the Indian ocean trade?

stroms, piracy

why did people use the Indian ocean trade?

because profits were huge

what are helpful and harmful environmental factors of Africa?

helpful: rivers, gold mines, fertile land

harmful: deserts, disease, tsetse fly

supply & demand

more supply—>lower price

less supply—> higher price

what is manorialism?

an economic system

What did peasants and lords do in manorialism?

peasants: farmed land

Lords: gave protection

what is fuedalism?

politcal system

they exchanged land for loyalty

how did the growth of trade/towns happen in medieval europe?

crusades, population growth, more commerce

What rights did kings give towns?

self-government, trade freedoms

what were the crusades?

wars between christians and muslims

What were effects of the crusades?

increased trade, cultural exchange, weakened fuedalism

what happens during the black death?

origin: asia

spread: silk roads

killed: 50% of europeans

Effects: labor shortages, weakened fuedalism

What was the focus of the Renaissance?

humanism, classical learning

What were features of Renaissance art and why was it funded?

Features: realism, human anatomy, perspective

Funded to: show power, gain legitimacy

What did Martin Luther do during the protestant reformation?

posted 95 these, opposed indulgences

what were impacts of the protestant reformation?

printing press, support from ruler

What were projects that came from legalism and what is a dynasty that used it as its government?

The great wall of china, the grand canal

the Qing dynasty

What did passing the civil service exams do for people and what were they based on?

Gave them honor for their family, a postion in government jobs. Based off Confucian teachings

What were some achievements of the Tang and Song golden age?

gunpowder, printing, compass

What places did the silk road connect?

China , europe, Middle east

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

the idea that a ruler has heaven’s approval

How can someone lose the Mandate of Heaven?

disasters, rebellion, new dynasty

why did the ming dynasty end treasure fleets?

expensive, confucian officials opposed them

What became the global currency during the ming and Qing dynasty?

silver

what happened during the Qing dynasty?

claimed mandate of heaven, ruled a diverse population.

what was the encomienda system?

relied on forced indigenous labor

what is divine right?

I'm the king is chosen by god

What was the goal of mercantilism?

To increase national wealth

what is capitalism?

business owned privately

what is mercantilism?

government-controlled state