Psych Final

Norms

Written/unwritten rules that influence why we do what we do/think what we think

Rosenhan Hospital Study (Norms)

7 students go into a psych ward and say “I hear voices” and see if they get admitted

Once they are in the patient gown, they say “this is a study.. etc” but the workers didn’t believe them

Roles

Position in your society created by norms

Zimbardo Prison Study (roles)

10 students = guards , 90 students = prisoners

After 6 days, experiment stopped b/c the student guards filled their roles and started beating the prisoners

Conformity

Do what we do/think what we think b/c of real or imagined pressure

Asch line study (conformity)

20 ppl in a room → which line matches line x

Compliance

Do what we do/think what we think b/c you were asked to

High balling

Negotiating higher → lower

Entrapment (foot in door)

Start with smaller things then get bigger

Obedience

Do what you do/ think what you think b/c you were asked to but the person asking is perceived as to have higher “status” than you

Diffusion of responsibility

People don’t call/help b/c they think somebody else will do it

De-individuation

Not going to do something b/c people know you but once you are in a new environment and you are anonymous, you will do that same thing

Groupthink

Do what you do/think what you think b/c vast majority of the group is of single-mind

(jury in US is 12 people, they need majority to vote one answer → if its 9-3, the 3 will fall to get all 12 votes)

Self-serving bias (attribution theory)

When you WIN a game, it was YOU and not the “bad call” for the other team

But if you LOSE the game, it was the “bad call” and not how bad you played

(YOU take credit and blame the ENVIRONMENT)

Blaming the victim (Attribution theory)

If something GOOD happens to someone, it was the environment (“it was luck”)

If something BAD happens, it was their fault, not the environment

Prejudice

Prejudice = ethnic pride + stereotypes + ignorance/fear

Gross violation of culture

60 yr old man marries 13 yr old in the US (diagnosed as a pedophile)

60 yr old man marries 13 yr old in a different country (not an issue and leaders could have 7/8 young wives)

Maladaptive

Doing something to “relieve stress” but it is bad for you

(Cutting / biting your nails to the point of infection)

Personal Emotional Distress

Wanting to stop a bad habit but cannot

ADL’s (Activities in your Daily life)

Having a diagnosable habit that disrupts your daily activities

(Counting your steps to your room but if they are an odd #, you have to walk back and start over)

Legal (DSM 5)

If you get into a fight but you claim that your diagnosis is part of the reason you fought, you will get a lighter punishment/sentence

Neurosis

Is when you are just uncomfortable with something but not diagnosable

(Turning the volume to 17 instead of an even # or by 5s)

Psychosis

When something/habit breaks your reality and challenges daily life (diagnosable)

G.A.D (generalized anxiety disorder)

“What if” thinking

Starts changing your life to adapt to the irrational “what if” thoughts

Panic attack disorder (Anxiety)

If you don’t cope/treat G.A.D

Imitates a heart attack (sweats, higher heart rate, fast breathing)

O.C.D (anxiety)

O= thought , C= behavior

(You keep THINKING if you checked if you locked all the doors and windows in your house → so you keep getting up to check)

Co-morbidity

Disorders living with each other

Phobias (anxiety)

Irrational fears

Depends on the intensity and irrationality

PTSD (anxiety)

A past experience is triggered by something to make you feel how you do or act in that moment

Depression (Mood)

You don’t have the “physical energy” to get out of bed so you become behind and stressed → turns into a cycle

Comes in waves of the physical energy and sadness

(Euyore)

Mania (Mood)

Cannot stay focused and doesn’t get anything done

(Tigger)

Bi-polar (Mood)

Has both mania and depression qualities

Originally diagnosed with depression

Spends most time in a depressive state then comes out of it, high energy and doesn't a lot, then crashes back into a depressive state

Narcissistic (Personality)

Pushed all social connections away b/c you aren’t good enough for them/ you don't realize how good they are

Gaslighters/ MORE than love themselves

A.P.D (antisocial personality disorder)

Lacks ability of empathy (cannot take someone else’s perspective)

None in therapy, will find all in jail

Cruelty to animals, play w/ fire, violent at a young age

(Steals everything from your car then blames you for leaving your car unlocked “What did you expect me to do?”)

Paranoia (personality)

Can cross over into psychosis

(If you’re on a ferry and you see people were tin foil hats so aliens can’t read their minds, paranoid personality disorder → psychosis)

*narotic paranoia (they’re talking about me) psychotic paranoia (thinks they hear them talking but in reality nobody is talking)

Borderline (personality)

Struggles with trust and commitment

Think they are just better → world is screwed up, not them

Technically treatable but not common b/c they don’t think anything is wrong with them

Fugue (dissociative)

A blackout (conscious and doing things but nothing that you are doing/experiencing is going into your memories

“Blackout drunk w/o the alcohol”

D.I.D (dissociative identity disorder)

Multiple personality disorder

Biological evidence (left handed, different memories, different menstrual cycles)

Develop different personalities for different situations

Believed that it comes from childhood trauma

Schizophrenia (dissociative)

“Split mind”

Catatonic - disconnection from the mind and body

(If you hold something up for a long time, lactic acid builds up and your arms start to burn but a patient who has a disconnection with her lactic acid can hold her arm up all day and not feel anything)

“Disease model” (addiction)

Alcoholism said to be given to you by your parents → then came the internet and people became addicted to online shopping, porn, gambling etc, so there wasn’t a good disease model for parents giving you an “internet addiction” → your parents GAVE you iPads and computers etc

Phone addictions (screen time and how uncomfortable you are without it)

Anti anxiety drugs (biological)

Xanax / Valium

Anti-depressant drugs (Biological)

Prozac/ Zoloft

90% prescribed by primary physicians and not psychologists/therapists

Anti-Psychotic Drugs (Biological)

Thorazine/haldol

Should be used for DISSOCIATIVE disorders - doesn’t CURE, just helps and lowers the “voices”

Lithium (Biological)

FOR BI-POLAR

Takes away the highs and lows and flat lines your emotions

E.C.T (Biological)

Shock treatments

Only used if drugs failed to re-regulate

Lobotomy (Biological)

Can target the certain parts of the brain that are active and take that part out

Hypnosis (psychodynamic)

Enter a slow level of thinking

Psychodynamic treatments

Make the unconscious mind conscious

Free association (psychodynamic)

A-HA moment

Bring client down to a slow level to answer without thinking

(Say the first thing that comes to your mind when I said “dog”)

Projectives (psychodynamic)

Ink blot test

HTP (house, tree, person)

Contracts (behavioral)

Elementary school → starts on green light then go down to yellow then red (based on behaviors in classroom)

Changing your reinforcement schedule

Systematic Desensitization (behavioral)

Little by little steps to get over your behavior

Flooding (behavioral)

Exposure therapy

Exposing you to your fear with one big step

(Scared of snakes → put into a room with 100 snakes at once)

Aversion (behavioral)

You bite your nails bad and you’re very scared of snakes, spiders and poop → take those 3 things and blend them together and stick your fingers in it → you will stop biting your nails

Cognitive treatments

Makes irrational thoughts rational

Rapport (cognitive)

Having a connection with someone

You cannot do cognitive therapy w/o having a connection to the patient

(Being arrested can connect you to troubled kids)

R.E.T (rational emotive therapy) (behavioral)

Catastrosizing = turning something small into something BIG

Immediately challenging their emotion (as a therapist)

Reality Therapy (cognitive)

Challenge the patients reality

“Reality check”

U.P.R (unconditional positive regard) (Humanist)

Supporting your client always

Reflective Listening (humanist)

Repeating what your client says and say what you think it means until they find the answers through what you say