Pediatric Nursing Chapters 1-5 Practice Flashcards

These flashcards provide vocabulary and definitions covering Chapters 1-5 of Pediatric Nursing, including historical context, ethics, family theories, and end-of-life care.

Pediatric Nursing

The field of nursing care provided to individuals from birth through $21$ years of age, focusing on developmental milestones, growth monitoring, and cognitive maturation.

Growth Charts

Tools used to monitor height, weight, and head circumference, with specific versions adapted for populations like those with Down syndrome.

Tanner scale

A physical maturation scale used to determine the onset and stages of puberty.

Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania

The first hospital of its kind in the United States, established in $1855$.

Family-centered care

A model of care that recognizes the family as the constant in a child's life and emphasizes partnership between health-care professionals and families.

Healthy People 2030

A set of national objectives aimed at improving overall health, including specific goals related to children and social determinants of health.

Social determinants of health

Conditions in environments (born, live, learn, work, play) that affect health risks and outcomes, such as access to education and financial resources.

2018 Pediatric Demographics

A statistic indicating that $50.2\%$ of children aged $0$ to $17$ years in the U.S. are white non-Hispanic.

Pediatric medical home

A partnership beyond a clinical building that builds connections between clinical specialists, families, and community resources.

Electronic medical records (EMRs)

Software systems used for data collection in pediatric care to help improve clinical outcomes and track patient data.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioners

The first group of nurse practitioners established in the field, often requiring a Master’s degree for inpatient or outpatient practice.

Obesity Incidence

A trend affecting $18.5\%$ of children aged $2$ to $19$ years old.

ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses

A guide of values and moral standards that practitioners should follow; in a $2020$ Gallup poll, nursing ranked first in honesty and ethics at $89\%$.

6 Cs

The foundational elements of a therapeutic relationship: care, compassion, competence, communication, courage, and commitment.

Enmeshment

A boundary violation where a nurse becomes personally involved with a patient or family unit, ignoring professional boundaries.

Disengagement

A protective measure where a nurse distances themselves from difficult situations, which may result in patient neglect.

Child Life Specialists

Experts in child development, typically with a $4$-year degree, who work in various settings to provide developmental support and procedural planning.

Non-nutritive sucking

A pain management technique for infants involving sucking on a pacifier with small amounts of $24\%$ sucrose solution.

The Buzzy system

A device that blocks pain receptors by using a combination of vibration, cryotherapy, motion, and ice.

Assent

The process of partnering with children in decision-making, which is distinct from the legal consent provided by parents or guardians.

Veracity

The ethical duty to tell the truth or, at minimum, not to tell a lie, especially important during medical error disclosure.

HIPAA

The federal mandate that ensures the security and privacy of personal health information through measures like privacy passwords.

Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)

Legislation that relates to advance directives and the rights of patients in medical decision-making.

1964 Civil Rights Act

Legislation stating that no person should be denied benefits or experience discrimination based on race, color, gender, or natural origin.

Family

Two or more members who interact and depend on one another socially, financially, and emotionally.

Screen time

An environmental factor where higher levels are linked to delayed development and affected physical or cognitive outcomes.

Hearing Screenings

Assessments performed before discharge to prevent delays in developmental milestones like mimicking sounds or learning to talk.

Family systems theory

A theory by Murray Bowen viewing the family as an emotional unit that is dynamic and characterized by interdependence.

Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation

A model used to assess the ability of a family to adjust to and cope with stressors.

Duvall and family development theory

A theory focusing on the specific stages of development within a family unit.

Neuman’s system theory

A nursing theory focusing on how a family or individual reacts to stressors in their environment.

Roy adaptation model

A theory viewing humans as adaptive systems trying to maintain balance with their environment through healthy or unhealthy adaptations.

King’s theory of goal attainment

A theory centered on the dynamic relationship and interactions leading to the achievement of health goals.

Authoritarian-dictatorial

A parenting style characterized by strict rules and high control over child behavior.

Permissive (laissez-faire)

A parenting style where parents provide little direction or control, allowing the child significant freedom.

Authoritative or democratic

A parenting style that balances clear standards with support, fostering autonomy and support.

Genogram

An assessment tool used to map family size, shape, and health history across generations.

Kinetic family drawing

An assessment method where a child draws a picture of their family unit to illustrate dynamics.

Family APGAR

A five-item questionnaire used to perform a functional assessment of family satisfaction and support.

Triangulation

A family dynamic where a third person is pulled into a two-person interaction to reduce tension or conflict.

Leininger’s theory

A nursing theory focusing on transcultural nursing and planning care based on cultural factors.

Cultural bias

Individual prejudices or preferences based on cultural background that can affect patient care.

Health disparities

Obstacles to health based on social or economic conditions like race, religion, socioeconomic status, or geographic location.

Giger and Davidhizar’s transcultural assessment model

A model evaluating communication, space, biological variation, time, control, and social organizations to provide culturally competent care.

FICA Spiritual History Tool

A specific tool used by nurses to gather a spiritual history from patients and families.

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)

A tragic event occurring most commonly in infants between $2$ and $4$ months of age.

Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC)

A multidisciplinary approach involving nurses, social workers, and child life specialists focused on comfort and family involvement.

Kübler-Ross theory

A theory describing the five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Withdrawal of Care

The legal and clinical process of stopping life-saving measures, requiring parental consent and education on what to expect.

UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing)

The organization that manages organ allocation based on diagnosis, stage in life, and matching percentage.

Genu varum

bowlegs. 18mo-3yr of age In-towing to the extent that a bowling ball could be placed between legs

genu valgum

knock knees

calcaneovalgus foot

foot points up and outwards