AP Gov

collect taxes, pay debts, borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, coin money, establish post offices, declare war, raise and support armies, create national guard

Congressional powers

commander in chief of the armed forces, grant pardons, make treaties (with consent of Senate), appoint ambassadors, justices, and other officials (with consent of Senate), sign or veto legislation

Executive powers

preside over the Senate and be the deciding vote if there is a tie vote, take over president in the case of presidential succession.

Vice President Powers

interpret laws and judicial review

Judiciary powers

What is a Bureaucracy?

A system of government or management that includes many departments and officials who carry out specific tasks and rules.

How is a bureaucracy held accountable?

They must respond to the Constitution, federal laws, interest groups, and public interest.

What is the Iron-Triangle?

Agency in the executive, Congress, and interest groups lobbying that agency

What are Civil Rights?

Government-guaranteed protections for individuals against discriminatory treatment by governments or private entities, based on characteristics like race, sex, religion, or age Protected by Equal Protection Clause under the 14th amendment.

What are Civil Liberties?

The fundamental, constitutionally protected freedoms and legal rights that shield individuals from arbitrary government interference