ANS 206 lab prac 2

What are the Functions of Blood

transport of gases, nutrients, hormones, heat and wastes. Regulation of pH, body temperature and water content of cells . Anti-clotting mechanism and body defenses

What are the 2 key components of the blood

Blood plasma

Formed elements-cells and formed elements

What is Serum

plasma minus the clotting factors

Tiger top and yellow/gold top

Serum separated tubes lined with a polymer gel barrier that contains silica and a clot activator for fast serum separation

Red top

lined with either nothing or silica but no gel

Green Top

Prevents clotting used for plasma assays. Lined with LIthium Herapin or Sodiam Heparin

Purple Top

Lined with either EDTA, K2 EDTA, or K3 EDTA prevents clotting used for plasma assays

Gray Top

lined with either sodium fluoride or potassium oxalate, prevents clotting used for plasma assays

Blue Top

Lined with citrate, Used for plasma assays prevents clotting

Vacutainer

two way needle

Grey- Sodium fluoride-glucose testing, Red- silicone serum, tiger clot activator and gel serum, purple edta plasma green heparin plasma blue citrate plasma yellow SPS or ACD plasma

1. Renal artery

2. renal vein

3. minor calyx

4. renal pyramid

5. medulla

6. cortex

7. ureter

8. major calyx

Nephron

1. Bowman’s capsule

2. collecting duct

3. loop of henle

4. glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus

1. Glomerulus

2. Afferent arteriole

3. Efferent arteriole

4 renal artery, 7 renal vein 11 adrenal gland, renal pyramid, 18 calyx

1. Kidney

2. ureter

3. bladder

4. aorta

5. inferior vena cava

6. renal artery

7. renal vein

1. Duodenum

2. jejunum

3. spleen

4. pancreas

5. pancreatic duct

6. accessory pancreatic duct

1. Rugae

2. Pyloric sphincter

1. Greater curvature

2. lesser curvature

3. cardia region

4. fundus region

5. pyloric region

6. esophagus

7. duodenum

1. Liver

2. gallbladder

3. duodenum

4. jejunum

5. pancreas

6. spleen

7. stomach

8. bile duct

9. pancreatic duct

1. rumen

2. reticulum

3. omasum

4. abomasum

5. esophagus

6. duodenum

1. Gallbaldder

2. hepatic artery

3. portal vein

4. inferior vena cava

liver

larynx

trachea

gallbladder

heart lung

kidney

rectum

stomach

spleen

pancreas

cecum

1. Right atrium

2. right ventricle

3. left atrium

4. left ventricle

1. right auricle

2. apex

3. coronary artery

4. superior vena cava

5. aortic arch

6. trachea

7. esophagus

8. pulmonary trunk

9. left aruicle

1. trachea

2. tracheal bifurcation

3. primary bronchi

4. bronchioles

5. larynx

6. pharynx

7. nasal cavity

1. Trachea

2. bronchi

3. tracheal bifurcation

4. pleura

5. pulmonary vein

6. pulmonary artery

aorta

pulmonary vein

auricle

chordae tendinae

papillary muscle

base

interventricular septum

apex

hyroid bone

epiglottis

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

trachea

1. trachea

2. tracheal bufurcation

3. primary bronchi

4. secondary bronchi

5. thyroid cartilage

1. tricuspid valve

2. bicuspid valve

3. interventricular septum

4. papillary muscles

5. chordae tendinae

6. pulmonary semilunar valve

7. right ventricle

8. left ventricle

9. apex

Serum

plasma without clotting factor

Plasma

– liquid blood with proteins, nutrients, clotting factors

Anticoagulant

– prevents clotting

Coagulant

– promotes clotting

Erythrocyte (RBC)

– oxygen carrying cell, no nucleus

Leukocyte (WBC)

– immune cell

Platelet / Thrombocyte

– clotting cell fragment

Neutrophil

– phagocytic, first responder

Eosinophil

– allergies & parasites

Basophil – releases histamine & heparin

Lymphocyte – B, T, NK immune cells

Monocyte – becomes macrophage

Granulocyte – WBC with granules

Agranulocyte – WBC without granules

Macrophage – large phagocyte

Hemoglobin – carries O₂/CO₂

Albumin – transport protein

Globulin – immunity/transport proteins

Fibrinogen – clotting protein

Fibrin – clot fibers

Biconcave disc – RBC shape

Buffy coat – WBC + platelets layer

Heparin – anticoagulant

EDTA – binds Ca²⁺ to prevent clotting

Citrate – anticoagulant (blue tube)

Oxalate – anticoagulant

Warfarin (Coumadin) – anticoagulant drug

Thrombin – converts fibrinogen → fibrin

Prothrombin – precursor to thrombin

Vacutainer – blood collection tube

Silica – clot activator

Becton Dickinson (BD) – tube manufacturer

Venipuncture – drawing blood

Hematopoiesis – blood cell production

Eosin – red stain

Methylene blue – blue stain

Wright’s stain – blood cell stain

Respiration – gas exchange

Ventilation – air movement

Inspiration – inhale

Expiration – exhale

Phonation – sound production

Deglutition – swallowing

Nares – nostrils

Rhinarium – moist nose surface

Nasal septum – divides nasal cavity

Turbinates – increase surface area

Os rostri – pig snout bone

Paranasal sinuses – air

filled skull spaces

Sphenoidal / Palatine – sinus types

Pharynx – air/food passage

Nasopharynx – air only

Oropharynx – air + food

Larynx – voice box

Epiglottis – blocks airway when swallowing

Arytenoid – controls vocal cords

Cricoid – ring cartilage