Units 5 & 6: Revolutions & Industrialization Practice Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key concepts of Revolutions (US, Mexico, Haiti, Brazil, South America, France), the patterns of the First and Second Industrial Revolutions, the impact of the Congress of Vienna, Marx's theories, post-industrial colonization and migration, and the decline of the Qing Dynasty versus the rise of Meiji Japan.

What are the four adjectives used to describe the Enlightenment?

Reason, Natural Law, Hope, and Progress

What were the primary ailments leading to the United States revolution?

Little political power, the king being far away, and taxes

Who were the key leaders of the United States revolution and what was their slogan?

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams; the slogan was "Live Free or Die"

What were the symbolic onset events and sources of weapons for the United States revolution?

Onset: Sugar Act and Stamp Act; Weapons: Home, France, and stolen from the British

Which revolution is identified as the First Independence Revolution?

The United States revolution

In the Mexico Independence movement, who were the leaders and what was the symbolic onset?

Hidalgo y Iturbide; the symbolic onset was the killing of Hidalgo

What were the ailments and transition of power in the Brazilian revolution?

Ailments: King too far away, class strife, and no power; Transition: Prince Pedro led with the slogan "Daddy, give me a country"

Who was the leader of the Haiti/Caribbean revolution and what was the primary ailment?

L'Overture; the primary ailment was that they were slaves seeking freedom

How were weapons acquired during the South American revolution led by Simon Boliver?

They were stolen from the Spanish via Bolivar

What were the symbolic onset events for the French Revolution?

Being locked out of the meeting room, the plot to kill the 3rd Estate, and King Louis XVI not signing the Declaration of Citizen and Rights of Man

What was the long-term pattern set by the Congress of Vienna?

The creation of alliances that eventually started World War I

What factors allowed the First Industrial Revolution to begin in England?

Textile machinery, the Steam Engine, natural resources, money, and a surplus of labor

What social classes and work patterns emerged from the First Industrial Revolution?

The Industrialized Middle Class and the Industrialized Working Class (Proletariat); factory work patterns and mass urbanization

What were the key products and the powerhouse nation of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Steel, Electricity, Internal Combustion Engine, and Chemicals; Germany was the powerhouse

What did Karl Marx want to abolish, and whom did he blame for societal issues?

He wanted to abolish Private Property and blamed the Bourgeoisie

How did Karl Marx believe societal change should occur?

Via Violent Revolution

What economic and political reasons drove European colonization after industrialization?

Economic: To obtain raw materials for machines and markets to sell manufactured goods; Political: To secure strategic sites and supply stations

What technologies allowed Europeans to colonize Africa, India, and Asia after industrialization?

Steamships, gunboats, railroads, canals, guns, the telegraph, and medicine to treat diseases like malaria

What previous systems allowed England, Spain, and the Netherlands to colonize South East Asia?

Trade posts, Joint Stock Companies, and Regional Monarchies

By what method did England take over India?

England interfered with conflicts between regional princes

What was the significance of the Berlin Conference regarding Africa?

Europe divided Africa without considering tribal or lingual patterns, forcing enemies together and separating friends, leading to modern tensions, war, and genocides

What were the legacies of Post-Industrial Migrations regarding the treatment of different groups?

Caucasian people were welcomed while Asians were not, leading to anti-immigration laws and future conflict like the treatment of Japanese migrants related to Pearl Harbor

What innovations in science and psychology occurred at the turn of the 20th century?

Science: Radium and the realization that matter is energy leading to the Atomic Age; Psychology: Psychoanalysis

How did the Qing Dynasty differ from the Ming, and who was its later leader?

The Qing was a Manchu (foreign) dynasty focused on Neo-Confucianism and foot-binding; its weak national government was later led by Jiang Jeshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

What were the consequences of the Opium War for China?

China's military was eclipsed by England, China lost full sovereignty, and the British gained control of Hong Kong and trade

What was the goal and outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?

The goal was to rid China of foreign influence in Beijing, but it resulted in foreign influence becoming even larger

What were the outcomes of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?

It restored the emperor, successfully industrialized Japan, and led to Japan emerging as a world power seeking to create the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere