Quiz 2

Diploid

________- double or paired chromosomes.

Fertilization

________- the union of sperm and ovum along with the establishment of the paired condition of the chromosomes.

Overdominance

________ (hybrid vigor)- heterozygous animals are superior to either homozygous conditions.

Somatotropin

________- protein hormone produced in anterior pituitary gene to stimulate growth.

Mitosis

________- simple division of one cell into two.

Meiosis

________- genetic material halved so that diploid complement is reformed by fertilization.

Phenotype

________- the physical appearance.

Haploid

________- single or unpaired chromosomes.

Superovulation

________- greater production of eggs (remove and give to other females)

Poultry sex chromosomes

________- female determines the gender (X & Y)

Epistatic interaction

________- when a gene alters /masks the expression of genes on another chromosome.

Gene

________- basic unit of inheritance, segment of DNA.

Identical alleles

________- genes that occupy the same loci and affect the character in the same way.

Additive gene action

________- each gene has an expressed phenotypic effect.

Lack of dominance

________- heterozygous animal shows a different trait than the homozygous.

Alleles

________- genes that occupy the same loci but affect the character in different ways (black or red color)

Linear interaction

________- hormones, nutrition, temperature (doesnt occur in farm animals)

DNA

________- contains deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and one of four bases.

zygote

fertilized egg

mitosis

simple division of one cell into two

meiosis

genetic material halved so that diploid complement is reformed by fertilization

poultry

most amount of chromosomes

swine

least amount of chromosomes

gametes (male)

sperm

gametes (female)

eggs

fertilization

the union of sperm and ovum along with the establishment of the paired condition of the chromosomes

diploid

double or paired chromosomes

haploid

single or unpaired chromosomes

gene

basic unit of inheritance, segment of DNA

DNA

contains deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and one of four bases

(DNA) Adenine pairs with

Thymine

(DNA) Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

poultry sex chromosomes

female determines the gender (X & Y)

homozygous

correspond

heterozygous

differ

alleles

genes that occupy the same loci but affect the character in different ways (black or red color)

identical alleles

genes that occupy the same loci and affect the character in the same way

dominant gene

always expressed gene (uppercase letter)

recessive gene

rarely expressed gene (lowercase letter)

genotype

the genetic makeup

phenotype

the physical appearance

linear interaction

hormones, nutrition, temperature (doesnt occur in farm animals)

allelic interaction

dominant gene is always expressed

lack of dominance

heterozygous animal shows a different trait than the homozygous

additive gene action

each gene has an expressed phenotypic effect

overdominance (hybrid vigor)

heterozygous animals are superior to either homozygous conditions

epistatic interaction

when a gene alters/masks the expression of genes on another chromosome

most important interaction between genes & environment

feed supply (ability to survive on low supply)

superovulation

greater production of eggs (remove and give to other females)

somatotropin

protein hormone produced in anterior pituitary gene to stimulate growth