Chemistry

Properties of Acids

• sour

• turns blue into red

• ph < 7.00

• colorless

• neutralizes a base to form salt and water

Properties of Bases

• feels slippery

• taste bitter

• turns red into blue

• ph>7

• turns pink

• neutralizes an acid to form salt and water

Acids have two groups..

binary acids and oxyacids

Binary Acids

two elements

Oxyacids

usually 3 elements with Oxygen

Binary Acids names

• hydro- (root of nonmetal) - ic

• Ex. HCL—> hydrochloric acid

• Ex. HCN—> hydrocyanic acid

• Ex. H2S—> hydrosulfuric acid

Oxyacid Names

• never includes hydro

1. identify the anion —> ate = ic | ite = ous

Ex. HC2H3O2 —> acetic acid

Ex. H2SO4 —> sulfurous acid

Ex. HMnO4 —> permanganic acid

Writing Acid Formulas

• always starts with H if its an acid

• Figure out the ending of the anion

• if it starts with hydro—> its a binary

• if it ends with ic or ous then its oxyacid

Dissociation

compounds or molecules splitting into their positive and negative ions when dissolved in water (electrolytes)

Strong acids + bases dissociate completely

Strong Acids

• Nitric Acid HNO3

• Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

• Chloric Acid HCLO3

• Perchloric Acid HCLO4 —→ strongest

• Hydrochloric Acid HCL

• Hydrobromic Acid HBR

• Hydroiodic Acid HI

Strong Bases

Consist of a Group IA or IIA cation and hydroxide (BOTH)

Arrhenius Acid

any compound that gives up hydrogen ions or forms hydronium ions in water —> start with H

Arrhenius Base

any compound or molecule that forms hydroxide ions in water (ends in OH-)

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

any molecule or ion that can donte a proton to another substance

Conjugate Base

what is left of the acid after it donates a proton

Ex. H2SO4 (acid) gives up an H+ and becomes HSO4 (conjugate base)

Conjugate Acid

the compound formed when the base accepts a proton

Ex. SH- (base) —> H2S (conjugate acid)

Neutralization

reaction between an acid and a base —> double replacement reaction

• products are salt and water

Salt

compound formed from the cation of a base and the anion of an acid

Ex. 2HBr + Ca(OH)2 —> ??

2HBr—> acid

Ca(OH)2—> base

H2O—> water

CaBr2 —> salt