ORTHO 1 FINAL

Mesial to maxillary primary canines and distal to lower primary canines

Primate spaces are:

Mesial to maxillary primary canines and distal to lower primary canines

Mesial to maxillary permanent canines

Distal to maxillary permanent canines

Distal to maxillary primary canines and mesial to lower primary canines

true

T/F There is a strong correlation between stage of root formation and time of tooth eruption.

12

Permanent second  molars usually erupt around _____________ years of age

b

Which of the following sentences is correct?

A) Both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors are smaller than the primary incisors they are replacing.

B) Both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors are larger than the primary incisors they are replacing.

C) There is no size differential between the mandibular permanent and primary incisors.

D) There is no size differential between the maxillary permanent and primary incisors.

B

This patient is 7 years old.  Mandibular centrals and laterals have erupted as well as maxillary centrals.  Are you concerned that maxillary laterals have not yet erupted. Please see panoramic radiograph below. Which of the sentences is correct?

A) Maxillary lateral eruption is delayed given this patient's age. 

B) Mandibular teeth usually erupt before the maxillary corresponding teeth, so it is not a concern maxillary laterals have not yet erupted.

C) Maxillary and mandibular corresponding teeth usually erupt at the same time, so maxillary permanent laterals may have to be brought into the arch surgically.

D) $Maxillary permanent laterals are ectopic.

class II division 1

What is the Angle's classification for this patient?

class II division 1 subdivision right

What is the Angle's classification for this patient?

class II division 2

What is the Angle's classification for this patient?

class III

What is the Angle's classification for this patient?

convex

This patient's profile is:

Putting midfacial sutures in tension

A facemask (reverse-pull headgear) appliance is believed to be most effective by:

Applying tension to the mandibular condyle

Putting midfacial sutures in tension

Compressing the mandibular condyle

Compressing the midfacial sutures

Down and forward

During craniofacial growth, midface relocates:

no

You have an 18 year old patient who presents with a Class III malocclusion due to a mid-face deficiency.  He is asking you if this is a good time to manipulate growth for treating this Class III malocclusion due to a mid-face deficiency and wants to know if he is a candidate for a Facemask (reverse-pull headgear).  Is this a good time to treat this malocclusion using this appliance for growth modification?

B

You have a 6 year old patient with a retrognathic mandible.  Mom  has heard orthodontists can treat "small lower jaws".  What will you tell her?

A) Orthodontists cannot manipulate growth for treating a retrognathic mandible at any age.

B) 6 years of age is not the best time to manipulate growth for treating a retrognathic mandible.

C) None of the answers are correct

D) 6 years of age is the perfect time to manipulate growth of the mandible and you recommend patient starts treatment right away.

Different tissues follow different growth trajectories

Scammon's curves show that:

Growth velocity changes during puberty

Why is timing important when orthodontic treatment plan includes growth modification for Class II patients?

midfacial deficiency

Premature ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis most directly results in:

Net results of modeling and relocation

Cephalometric superimpositions primarily show:

Which sutures are active

Exact locations of bone deposition and resorption

Vertical facial growth

Net results of modeling and relocation

Double growth plates

Synchondroses are best described as:

A

According to Functional Matrix Theory:

A) Skeletal structures respond secondarily to the growth of surrounding soft tissues and functional spaces.

B) Condylar cartilage growth determines all facial skeletal relationships.

C) Sutures and synchondroses are the primary drivers of facial growth.

D) Craniofacial growth is solely determine by genetics.

A lateral radiographic projection of the skull

What does a lateral headfilm show?

5 feet

The standard distance from the X-ray source to the midsagittal plane in a cephalostat is

Captures detailed soft tissue in 3D

Which of the following is not a LIMITATION of cephalometric radiographs?

Potential for enlargement

Two-dimensional image

Superimposition of bilateral structures

Captures detailed soft tissue in 3D

Porion and Orbitale

The Frankfort Horizontal (FH) plane connects which two points?

Gonion and Menton

The Mandibular Plane (MP) connects:

Retrognathic mandible

Norm for SNB is 79 ±3 A patient with SNB = 73º most likely has a:

B

The inter‑incisal angle helps determine:
A) Chin prominence
B) Relationship between upper and lower incisors
C) Vertical facial growth
D) Sinus anatomy

Convex

Norm for ANB angle 3+2.  Your patient has an ANB of 8 degrees.  You would expect this patient to have a _____ profile

 

The position of lower incisor in the mandible

L1 to NB angle shows:

The position of lower incisor in the mandible

The relationship of upper incisor to lower incisor

The position of upper incisor in the maxilla

Amount of overbite

Growth direction of the mandible

The Y-Axis (S‑Gn) line represents:

They can be removed for cleaning

What is a common advantage of removable orthodontic appliances?

Anteroposterior, vertical, transverse

Dentofacial deformities are evaluated in which three planes of space?

Growth modification with orthodontics

Which treatment approach is typically used for severe malocclusion in growing patients?

Functional appliance (e.g., Twin Block)

Which appliance is commonly used for growth modification in Class II skeletal malocclusion with a retrognathic mandible?

Headgear

A 12 year old male who is growing  presents with excessive overjet.  You want to restrict forward growth of the maxilla.  Which appliance is the best choice?

To undo dental compensations and place teeth ideally before surgery

What is the purpose of pre-surgical orthodontic decompensation?

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO)

Which surgical procedure is commonly used for MANDIBULAR advancement?

Maxillary advancement

A Le Fort I osteotomy is most commonly used for:

Genioplasty

Which surgical procedure is used to change the projection of the chin?

Skeletal dysplasia in one or more planes of space

The primary purpose of orthognathic surgery is to correct:

straight/orthognathic

how would you classify this profile

concave

how would you classify this profile

prognathic

in a CONCAVE profile the MANDIBULAR jaw is

Mesio-buccal cusp of upper 1st molar and buccal groove of lower 1st molar

Angles classification is Based on occlusal relationship of _____

normal occlusion (class I)

Buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar occludes with mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar (Cl. I relationship) AND Teeth are on “line of occlusion”

class I malocclusion

Normal relationship of the first molars, but line of occlusion incorrect because of malposed teeth, rotations, or other causes

class I malocclusion

how would you class this occlusion

class II malocclusion

Mandibular first molar positioned DISTAL relative to maxillary first molar

class I (canine)

Mn canine occludes in the mesial fossa/embrasure of the Mx canine

class II (canine)

Mn canine occludes in distal fossa/embrasure or on cusp tip of Mx canine

class II division 1

class II molar relationship, LABIOVERSION/flaring of maxillary incisors, steep curve of spee, and excess overjet

class II division 2

class II molar relationship, LINGUOVERSION of maxillary CENTRAL incisors,

and labioversion of maxillary lateral incisors

division 2

which class II division is moree likeely to havee an ACCEPTABLE FACIAL PROFILE and normall palatal width

class I

when there is asymmetry in occlusion, the label SUBDIVISION (ex: subdivision left) denotes the ____ side

end-to-end/end-on class II

molars sit on top of each other

class III

MANDIBULAR first molar MESIALLY positioned relative to maxillary first

molar

pseudo class III

class I in retrruded (CR) position w/ anterior shift of mandible to CO

Pre-eruptive phase

phase of tooth eruption from the time the tooth begins formation to the first

radiographic evidence of hard tissue formation

pre functional

phase of tooth eruption from the time the crown is completed until function is

established

functional

phase of tooth eruption from the time occlusal function is established until the tooth is lost.

7-8

eruption of MAX CENTRAL

8-9

eruption of MAX LATERAL

11-12

eruption of MAX CANINE

10-11

eruption of MAX 1st PREMOLAR

10-12

eruption of MAX 2nd PREMOLAR

6-7

eruption of MAX 1st MOLAR

12-13

eruption of MAX 2nd MOLAR

6-7

eruption of MAN CENTRAL

7-8

eruption of MAND LATERAL

9-11

eruption of MAND CANINE

10-12

eruption of MAND 1st PREMOLAR

11-12

eruption of MAND 2nd PREMOLAR

6-7

eruption of MAN 1st MOLAR

11-13

eruption of MAND 2nd MOLAR

palmer (1-8 or a-b in each arch from mesial to distal)

what is the tooth numbering system used in Ortho

true

T/F eruptive movements begin soon after root formation is evident

ectopic eruption

teeth arre not developing/eruptting in their normal positions

max 1st molars and canines

most common teeth that have eectopic eruptions

resorption (of bone and primary roots)

rate limiting factor of preemergent eruption

true

T/F females tend to experience earlier eruption than males

lingual/palatal

permanent dentition begins eruption ______ to the primary dentition

true

T/F a generalized delay in primary eruption with corespond with a delay in permanent eruption

type I

primary dentition with adequate primate spacing

type II

primary dentition with no primate spacing

mx canine and lateral and mn first molar and canine

PRIMATE SPACING is between

incisor liability

difference in mesio distal width between primary incisor and permanent incisors

leeway space

difference in size between large prrimary canines and molars and the smaller permanent canines and premolars

early mesial shift

mesial shift of permanent first molars that occurs before loss of primarry molars, uses PRIMATE SPACING

late mesial shift

mesial shift occurs after loss of primary molars, uses LEEWAY SPACE

true

T/F the SEQUENCE of tooth eruption is generally more important than TIME of eruption

false

T/F MAXILLARY teeth usually erupt before corresponding MANDIBULAR teeth

true

T/F primary molars and canines are larger than the permanent canines and premolars that take their place

true

T/F the head and upper body mature before the lower body

5-6

90% of cranial vault growth is complete by ____ years of age

spheno-occipital synchondrosis

post natal growth of CRANIAL BASE occurs mainly at ___

spheno-occipital synchondrosis

MIDFACIAL deficiencies reresult from premature ossification and fusion of the _____

head gear

intended to COMPRESS MIDFACIAL sutures SLOWING GROWTH

face mask (reverse head gear)

intended to INCREASE TENSION on midfacial sutures INCREASING GROWTH

condylar cartilage

mandibular growth plate

posteriorly

vertical growth of mandible is caused by the condyle growing more ______