unit 3.1-3.7: reconstruction, the nadir, jim crow era

13th amendment

slavery is abolished

14th amendment

equal protections, naturalization process, birthright citizenship, due process guaranteed to all citizens

• privileges or immunities (prohibits states from violating civil liberties of citizens)

15th amendment

prohibits voting discrimination based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

• originally only for white & black men

Dred Scott v. Sandford

declared African Americans, enslaved or free, aren’t considered citizens b/c “property”, so cannot sue fed court

• declared Missouri Compromise unconst.

• intensified tensions b/w N & S

black codes 1865-1866 (what, why, & impact)

restrictive laws, passed by southern states after civil war, intended to restrict Black Americans’ social, economic, & political freedom by:

1. vagrancy laws & restrictive labor contracts

2. sharecropping

3. apprenticeship systems

Why? —> to keep white supremacy, South depleted of major work force

Impact —> Led to CRA & 14th ADMT in 1866

1st state to enact black codes?

Mississippi

Vagrancy laws

unemployed ppl deemed “criminals” —> arrested, fined, & forced to work hard labor for white employers to pay off fines in jail (sometimes unpaid)

sharecropping

system where a landowner allows workers to use a portion of the land & half in exchange for labor + interest

• results in a cycle of debt (landowner demands more tha